Table 6.
Factors associated with failure in sleep improvement: subgroup analysis within the whole conservative cohort.
| Whole conservative group | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Increase in PSQI ≥ 3 | Increase in PSQI < 3 | p-value | |
| Number of patients | 67 | 80 | |
| Age | 70.2 ± 10.1 | 69.0 ± 10.8 | 0.948 |
| Sex (male:female) | 28:39 (1:1.4) | 33:47 (1:1.4) | 0.947 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 3.1 | 24.8 ± 3.1 | 0.123 |
| Charlson comorbidity index score | 1.6 ± 1.4 | 1.2 ± 1.3 | 0.095 |
| Hamilton depression rating scale | 11.0 ± 7.6 | 14.2 ± 9.2 | 0.022 |
| Oswestry disability index score | 36.4 ± 17.8 | 40.2 ± 17.5 | 0.197 |
| Visual analogue scale pain | |||
| Back pain | 4.8 ± 1.4 | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 0.903 |
| Leg pain | 4.9 ± 1.6 | 5.3 ± 1.6 | 0.105 |
| Dural sac cross-sectional area (mm2) at the most severe level | 53 ± 30 | 60 ± 36 | 0.179 |
| Morphologic grade of stenosis at the most severe level | |||
| Central-type stenosis by Schizas et al | |||
| A or B | 16 (24) | 21 (26) | 0.779 |
| C | 29 (43) | 37 (46) | |
| D | 22 (33) | 22 (28) | |
| Foraminal-type stenosis by Lee et al | |||
| Grade 0 or 1 | 12 (18) | 16 (20) | 0.026 |
| Grade 2 | 35 (52) | 25 (31) | |
| Grade 3 | 20 (30) | 39 (49) | |
Data were presented by number (%) of patients or mean ± standard deviation.