Table 1.

Cohort characteristics.

Character	N (%)	Median/range	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis*
			p	HR	CI (95%)	p	HR	CI (95%)
Age (years)		59 (25–87)	0.6	1.02	0.9–1
Gender (Female)	58 (62)
Tumor location			0.4	0.73	0.31–1.72
Convexity	43 (47)
Skull based	14 (15)
Falcine and parasagital	10 (11)
Other	25 (27)
WHO grade			0.005	1.85	1.20–2.85	0.04	1.76	1.01–3.04
WHO I	41 (44)
WHO II	43 (46)
WHO III	9 (10)
Extent of resection			0.045	1.9	1.01–3.56	0.01	2.7	1.23–5.97
Gross total resection	54 (58)
Subtotal resection	39 (42)
Maximum tumor diameter (MTD) cm		4.6 (1.1–8.1)	0.02	1.28	1.03–1.59	0.26	1.13	0.9–1.41
Brain invasion	19 (20%)		0.2	1.61	0.77–3.34
Primary (newly diagnosed tumor)	74 (80)		0.21	0.65	0.33–1.28
Prior radiotherapy	21 (22)		0.29	1.41	0.74–2.70
Tumor recurrence/progression	42 (48)
Duration of follow up since surgery (yrs.)		4.43 (0.2–34)
PD-L1 IHC expression
Visual scoring (positive/negative)	40 (43%)		< 0.0001	5.14	2.54–10.41	< 0.001	4.9	2.05–11.88
HALO digital scoring (% positive cells)		0.08 (0.00–19.13)	0.012	1.1	1.02–1.19

*Multivariate analysis of PD-L1 expression.