Table 3.
Parent and coach knowledge by exposure to previous education
| No concussion education | Received concussion education | Total sample | ||||
| n | n (% correct) | n | n (% correct) | n | n (% correct) | |
| Definition | ||||||
| A concussion is a brain injury (T) | 145 | 142 (97.9) | 640 | 622 (97.2) | 785 | 764 (97.3) |
| Understanding the risk of concussion | ||||||
| There is a higher risk of long term problems if someone has a second concussion before recovering from the first one (T) | 147 | 139 (94.6) | 648 | 625 (96.5) | 795 | 764 (96.1) |
| People who have had one concussion are more likely to have another concussion (T) | 146 | 124 (84.9) | 643 | 522 (81.2) | 789 | 646 (81.9) |
| There are few risks to long-term health and well-being from multiple concussions (F) | 147 | 116 (78.9) | 646 | 537 (83.1) | 793 | 653 (82.3) |
| Misconceptions | ||||||
| Sometimes a second concussion can help a person remember things that were forgotten after the first concussion (F) | 147 | 123 (83.7) | 647 | 564 (87.2) | 794 | 687 (86.5) |
| There are helmets that prevent all concussions (F) | 147 | 139 (94.6) | 649 | 639 (98.5) | 796 | 778 (97.7) |
| Recognition | ||||||
| Concussions can sometimes lead to emotional problems (T) | 147 | 124 (84.4) | 648 | 596 (92.0) | 795 | 720 (90.6) |
| In order to be diagnosed with a concussion, you have to be knocked out (F) | 147 | 144 (98.0) | 648 | 645 (99.5) | 795 | 789 (99.2) |
| A concussion can only occur if there is a direct hit to the head (F) | 147 | 124 (84.4) | 648 | 578 (89.2) | 795 | 702 (88.3) |
| Signs and symptoms | ||||||
| Hives (N) | 146 | 119 (81.5) | 645 | 582 (90.2) | 791 | 701 (88.6) |
| Headache (Y) | 147 | 146 (99.3) | 646 | 642 (99.4) | 793 | 788 (99.4) |
| Fever (N) | 147 | 75 (51.0) | 641 | 334 (52.1) | 788 | 409 (51.9) |
| Arthritis (N) | 147 | 116 (78.9) | 645 | 553 (85.7) | 792 | 669 (84.5) |
| Sensitivity to light (Y) | 147 | 142 (96.6) | 646 | 642 (99.4) | 793 | 784 (98.9) |
| Difficulty remembering (Y) | 146 | 144 (98.6) | 646 | 644 (99.7) | 792 | 788 (99.5) |
| Panic attacks (N) | 147 | 33 (22.4) | 643 | 149 (23.2) | 790 | 182 (23.0) |
| Feeling tired (Y) | 147 | 138 (93.9) | 643 | 619 (96.3) | 790 | 757 (95.8) |
| Feeling in a fog (Y) | 147 | 139 (94.6) | 643 | 638 (99.2) | 790 | 777 (98.4) |
| Weight gain (N) | 147 | 95 (64.6) | 643 | 455 (70.8) | 790 | 550 (69.6) |
| Feeling slowed down (Y) | 147 | 134 (91.2) | 643 | 595 (92.5) | 790 | 729 (92.3) |
| Reduced breathing rate (N) | 147 | 47 (32.0) | 641 | 218 (34.0) | 788 | 265 (33.6) |
| Excessive studying (N) | 147 | 102 (69.4) | 645 | 529 (82.0) | 792 | 631 (79.7) |
| Difficulty concentrating (Y) | 147 | 144 (98.0) | 645 | 641 (99.4) | 792 | 785 (99.1) |
| Dizziness (Y) | 147 | 144 (98.0) | 646 | 646 (100.0) | 793 | 790 (99.6) |
| Hair loss (N) | 147 | 115 (78.2) | 644 | 547 (84.9) | 791 | 662 (83.7) |
| Response | ||||||
| After a collision, body check, or fall your child/player starts vomiting repeatedly (ED) | 146 | 135 (92.5) | 647 | 627 (96.9) | 793 | 762 (96.1) |
| After a collision, body check, or fall your child/player has a headache that continues to get worse (ED) | 146 | 76 (52.1) | 645 | 361 (56.0) | 791 | 437 (55.2) |
| Immediately after a collision, body check, or fall your child/player immediately complains of a headache and dizziness but starts to feel better by the end of the game (NU) | 145 | 104 (71.7) | 646 | 500 (77.4) | 791 | 604 (76.4) |
| Management and return to play | ||||||
| Younger players (under the age of 18) typically take longer to recover from a concussion than adults (T) | 147 | 29 (19.7) | 646 | 132 (20.4) | 793 | 161 (20.3) |
| Post concussion symptoms can be delayed for hours or days (T) | 147 | 120 (81.6) | 648 | 585 (90.3) | 795 | 705 (88.7) |
| An athlete can return to play while experiencing symptoms of a concussion if directed to do so by an athletic trainer or a physician (F) | 146 | 106 (72.6) | 648 | 544 (84.0) | 794 | 650 (81.9) |
| Have you heard of the term ‘graduated return to play protocol’ or ‘stepwise return to play’ for concussion? (Y) | 147 | 40 (27.2) | 645 | 378 (58.6) | 792 | 418 (52.8) |
| Total score, mean (SD) | 139 | 24.57 (3.89) | 602 | 26.15 (2.95) | 741 | 25.85 (3.20) |
Items that are in bold had greater than a 5% difference in the point estimate proportion of correct responses between those who had received concussion education and those that had not received concussion education.
DN, do nothing; ED, go to the emergency department; F, false; N, no; NU, non-urgent, book an appointment with a physician; T, true; Y, yes.