TABLE 1.

Summary of studies on the ability of the embryonic microenvironment to reverse the malignant tumour phenotype

Mimic embryonic microenvironment	Target diseases	In vivo administration route	Mechanisms	Reference
hESC‐conditioned medium/hESC‐ exosomes	Colorectal adenocarcinoma, breast cancer	Subcutaneous injection	Rebalance ectopic expression of OCT4, SOX2, KLF and c‐MYC	173
mESC‐co‐culture	Uveal melanoma	Subcutaneous injection	Down‐regulation of PI3K/AKT pathway	180
mESC‐intravenous injection	Chronic myeloid leukaemia	Intravenous injection	NA	179
mESC‐conditioned medium	Breast cancer	Mammary fat pads injection	Down‐regulation of STAT3 pathway	183
hESC‐conditioned medium	Colorectal carcinoma	Subcutaneous injection	Suppress Notch1 pathway	184
3D decellularized matrix after hESCs culture	Cutaneous melanoma, breast cancer	Mammary fat pads injection	Down‐regulation of nodal pathway	178

Abbreviations: hESC, human embryonic stem cell; mESC, mouse embryonic stem cell; TCTP, translationally controlled tumour protein.