Figure 3.

Associations of average overlapping gray matter volume (GMV), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and dyssomnia. Mediation model using the average overlapping GMV as the predictor, ADHD as the mediator, and dyssomnia as the dependent variable. Age, sex, handedness, race, puberty, body mass index, site, household income, parental education, head motion, and total intracranial volume were used as covariates of no interest. Path a measures the association between the predictor and the mediator; path b represents the effect of the mediator on the dependent variable while controlling for the predictor; path c measures the total relationship between the predictor and the dependent variable; path c′ measures the direct effect; the mediation effect is the product of path a and path b (a ∗ b). ∗∗p < .01, ∗∗∗p < .001.