Table 2.
Characteristics of the Study Population in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
| Baseline (n = 3515) | Follow-up (n = 3076) | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, Years | 10.00 (± 0.61) | 11.03 (± 0.63) |
| Sex, Male, n (%) | 1851 (52.7%) | 1610 (52.3%) |
| Puberty | 1.56 (± 0.46) | 1.79 (± 0.59) |
| BMI | 18.59 (± 4.00) | 19.45 (± 4.52) |
| Parental Education | 17.01 (± 2.47) | 17.16 (± 2.33) |
| Household Income | 7.52 (± 2.19) | 7.76 (± 2.06) |
| Race, n (%) | ||
| White | 2554 (72.7%) | 2307 (75%) |
| Black/African American | 327 (9.3%) | 244 (7.9%) |
| Asian | 182 (5.2%) | 155 (5%) |
| Other | 452 (12.9%) | 370 (12%) |
| Family Relationship, n (%)a | ||
| Single | 2680 (76.2%) | 2346 (76.3%) |
| Sibling | 196 (5.6%) | 166 (5.4%) |
| Twin | 630 (17.9%) | 558 (18.1%) |
| Triplet | 9 (0.3%) | 6 (0.2%) |
| ADHD Symptoms | 2.54 (± 2.91) | 2.36 (± 2.86) |
| ADHD Medication, n (%) | ||
| No medication | 3204 (91.2%) | 2820 (91.7%) |
| Stimulant only | 233 (6.6%) | 193 (6.3%) |
| Nonstimulant only | 31 (0.9%) | 27 (0.9%) |
| Stimulant + nonstimulant | 46 (1.3%) | 36 (1.2%) |
| Sleep Disturbance | ||
| Total score | 36.24 (± 7.87) | 36.41 (± 7.75) |
| Dyssomnia | 22.19 (± 5.49) | 22.66 (± 5.67) |
| Parasomnia | 14.05 (± 3.58) | 13.75 (± 3.32) |
Descriptive statistics are reported as mean (± SD) unless noted otherwise.
ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; BMI, body mass index.
a
Provided by a questionnaire (“acspsw02”) from ABCD dataset.