Table 2.
Sociodemographic characteristics of the participants.
| Data | Group Aa, n=242 | Group Bb, n=195 | Group B1c, n=212 | Group B2d, n=216 | Group B3e, n=230 | Group B4f, n=210 | Group B42g, n=212 | Group B432h, n=210 | |
| Exclusions and missing data for the primary outcome, n (%) | |||||||||
|
|
Excluded due to invalid datai | 17 (7.0) | 8 (4.1) | 12 (5.7) | 14 (6.5) | 8 (3.5) | 14 (6.7) | 9 (4.2) | 12 (5.7) |
|
|
Missing dataj | 3 (1.2) | 6 (3.1) | 7 (3.3) | 12 (5.6) | 3 (1.3) | 5 (2.4) | 3 (1.4) | 6 (2.9) |
| Analyzed, n (%)j | |||||||||
|
|
|
222 (91.7) | 181 (92.8) | 193 (91.0) | 190 (88.0) | 219 (95.2) | 191 (91.0) | 197 (92.9) | 195 (92.9) |
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||||
|
|
Mean age (years), (SD) | 46 (13.7) | 45 (13.5) | 46 (13.3) | 47 (13.5) | 46 (13.7) | 46 (13.9) | 45 (13.9) | 47 (14.2) |
|
|
Men, n (%) | 105 (46.7) | 91 (48.7) | 90 (45.0) | 103 (51.0) | 106 (47.7) | 101 (51.5) | 96 (48.0) | 117 (58.2) |
|
|
Women, n (%) | 120 (53.3) | 96 (51.3) | 110 (55.0) | 99 (49.0) | 116 (52.3) | 95 (48.5) | 104 (52.0) | 84 (41.8) |
| Educational degree, n (%) | |||||||||
|
|
None | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
|
|
Basic secondary | 30 (13.3) | 23 (12.3) | 30 (15.0) | 23 (11.4) | 27 (12.2) | 23 (11.7) | 23 (11.5) | 29 (13.7) |
|
|
Higher secondary | 74 (32.9) | 73 (39.0) | 65 (32.5) | 82 (40.6) | 67 (30.2) | 63 (32.1) | 80 (40.0) | 68 (32.2) |
|
|
General entry qualification for university | 54 (24.0) | 44 (23.5) | 48 (24.0) | 44 (21.8) | 68 (30.6) | 48 (24.5) | 46 (23.0) | 68 (32.2) |
|
|
University degree | 67 (29.8) | 46 (24.6) | 56 (28.0) | 51 (25.2) | 60 (27.0) | 62 (31.6) | 51 (25.5) | 46 (21.8) |
| History of tinnitus, n (%)k | |||||||||
|
|
Currently symptomatic | 31 (14.3) | 30 (16.9) | 25 (13.4) | 22 (11.8) | 22 (10.2) | 23 (12.2) | 27 (14.1) | 30 (15.7) |
|
|
Previously symptomatic | 37 (17.1) | 21 (11.9) | 27 (14.5) | 37 (19.9) | 28 (13.0) | 33 (17.5) | 26 (13.5) | 24 (12.6) |
|
|
No history of tinnitus | 149 (68.7) | 126 (71.2) | 134 (72.0) | 127 (68.3) | 166 (76.9) | 133 (70.4) | 139 (72.4) | 137 (71.7) |
| Profession, n (%)k | |||||||||
|
|
Medical | 17 (7.8) | 13 (7.3) | 20 (10.8) | 19 (10.2) | 18 (8.3) | 18 (9.5) | 26 (13.5) | 18 (9.4) |
|
|
Nonmedical | 200 (92.2) | 164 (92.7) | 166 (89.2) | 167 (89.8) | 198 (91.7) | 171 (90.5) | 166 (86.5) | 173 (90.6) |
aEffect shown.
bIndication of effect.
cIndication of effect with general explanation.
dPublication bias/vested interests.
eIndirectness (population).
fImprecision (small sample size).
gPublication bias/vested interests and imprecision.
hPublication bias/vested interests and imprecision and indirectness.
iSpeeders, straightliners, and empty questionnaires.
jRegarding primary outcome.
kInformation not provided by 79 participants.