Fig. 1.
Effects of HDACi and its associated signaling pathways in renal interstitial fibrosis. HDACi is showing to protect against interstitial fibrosis through multiple signaling pathway as indicated. EGF, epidermal growth factor; TGF, transforming growth factor; TGFR, TGF-receptor; HDACi, histone deacetylases inhibitor; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin.