Table 7.
Factors associated with SDS.
| Coeff. | SE | P-value | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chronotype*** | −0.228 | 0.034 | .000 | −0.295 to −0.161 |
| Completed one or more years of college*** | 0.589 | 0.162 | .000 | 0.270 to 0.908 |
| Degree of caffeine use* | 0.311 | 0.123 | .011 | 0.071 to 0.552 |
| Reports travel related sleep disturbance*** | 1.668 | 0.189 | .000 | 1.297 to 2.038 |
| Reports sleep-disordered breathing | 0.417 | 0.244 | .088 | −0.624 to 0.897 |
| NCAA division 1 athlete | 0.148 | 0.205 | .471 | −0.254 to 0.551 |
| Sex | 0.120 | 0.166 | .468 | −0.204 to 0.445 |
R2 = .149. Multiple linear regression was used to determine factors associated with differences in SDS (n = 1,055). Factors included were selected based on statistically significant associations with SDS indicated by univariate analyses. More evening chronotype (P < .001), reporting of travel-related sleep disturbance (P < .001), greater caffeine consumption (P = .011), and having completed at least one year of college (P < .001) were found to be associated with greater sleep difficulty as measured by SDS. For statistical significance *indicates P ≤ .05 and ***indicates P ≤ .001. CI = confidence interval, NCAA = National College Athletic Association, SE = standard error.