Table 2.
Postnatal characteristics and outcomes.
| Characteristic | SIG (n = 20) | CG (n = 20) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 wk | 12 wk | 6 wk | 12 wk | |
| Mother | ||||
| EPDS > 12, n | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Sleep quality | ||||
| Good night’s sleep per week, mean (SD) | 3.9 (2.1) | 2.9 (2.6) | ||
| Objective sleep | ||||
| TST 24 hours (min), mean (SD) | 392.6 (55.9) | 419.8 (58.1) | 412.9 (55.6) | 412.9 (42.8) |
| Nocturnal TST (min), mean (SD) | 368.9 (54.0) | 415.7 (58.2) | 388.1 (56.9) | 402.1 (36.8) |
| Longest nocturnal sleep period (min), mean (SD) | 214.4 (61.4) | 270.3 (107.8) | 198.8 (44.9) | 250.7 (64.9) |
| Sleep episodes 24 hours, mean (range) | 3.3 (1.0–7.3) | 2.6 (1.0–5.0) | 3.5 (2.0–6.0) | 2.7 (1.0–6.0) |
| Nocturnal sleep episodes, mean (range) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 2.5 (1.5–4.5) | 3.0 (2.0–4.5) | 2.4 (1.0–4.0) |
| Sleep efficiency 24 hours (%) | 83.6 (4.4) | 82.4 (5.7) | 84.4 (4.9) | 85.5 (2.6) |
| Nocturnal sleep efficiency (%) | 82.6 (5.5) | 81.8 (6.1) | 83.0 (7.4) | 84.7 (2.9) |
| Infant | ||||
| Fully breastfeeding,a n (%) | 19 (95) | 18 (90) | 18 (90) | 17 (85) |
| Parental room for night sleep, n (%) | 13 (65) | 12 (60) | 12 (60) | 7 (35) |
| Being held for sleep any part of night, n (%) | 3 (15) | 1 (5) | 11 (55) | 2 (10) |
| Bed sharing with parent at any time during night, n (%) | 4 | 2 | 6b | 1 |
| Infant sleep considered a problem, n (%) | 14 (70) | 11 (55) | 11 (55) | 10 (50) |
| Objective sleep | ||||
| Total rest time 24 hours (min), mean (SD) | 814.6 (111.0) | 859.8 (119.7) | 879.8 (88.0) | 890.4 (87.1) |
| Total nocturnal rest (min), mean (SD) | 524.2 (54.1) | 582.6 (55.5) | 549.8 (47.5) | 587.3 (47.8) |
| Longest nocturnal rest period (min), mean (SD) | 273.5 (71.8) | 341.6 (110.7) | 268.6 (57.1) | 354.8 (97.6) |
| Longest daytime rest period (min), mean (SD) | 126.1 (47.0) | 103.2 (47.2) | 137.2 (61.6) | 119.3 (49.9) |
| Rest episodes 24 hours, median (range) | 7.2 (4.9–12.2) | 7.3 (4.9–10) | 6.8 (4–10) | 6.8 (4–9.4) |
| Noctural rest episodes, median (range) | 4.0 (2–5) | 3.0 (2–4.5) | 3.5 (3–5) | 3.0 (2–4.5) |
a
Reported as baby has received only breastmilk in the last 48 hours (n = 19).
b
One infant reported as sleeping in a “wahakura”: a traditional flax woven infant sleep pod placed within the parental bed. CG = control group, EPDS = Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Sleep Disturbance Scale, SD = standard deviation, SIG = sleep intervention group, TST = total sleep time.