Table 2.
Summary of currently available parameters for predicting the efficacy of CAR-modified immune cells
| Parameter | Prediction | Disease | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-expansion of T cells | Percentage of pre-expansion CD8 TN (naive), CD8 TCM (central memory), TEM (effector memory), TEFF (effector) | No | CLL | [49] |
| Percentage of pre-expansion CD8 TSCM (stem cell memory) | Modestly significant | CLL | [49] | |
| Percentage of pre-expansion CD45RO- CD27+ CD8+ T cells | Yes | CLL | [49] | |
| CAR cells | Infused CAR cell dose | No | CLL | [49] |
| CD27+ PD-1-CD8+ CAR-T cells | Yes | CLL | [49] | |
| Upregulated pSTAT3 in response to IL-6 from CD27+ PD-1- CD8+ CAR-T cells with IL-6 receptor-β chain | Yes | CLL | [49] | |
| CD4/CD8 ratio | No | CLL | [49] | |
| CAR transduction efficiency | No | CLL | [47, 49] | |
| Transgene level in blood | No | CLL | [49] | |
| Telomere length of CAR | No | CLL | [49] | |
| CAR RNA-sequence | Yes | CLL | [49] | |
| Cytokine | Serum IL-6 level | Debated | CLL | [48, 49] |
| Serum IL-15 level | Yes | DLBCL | [48] | |
| Serum IL-10 level | Yes | DLBCL | [48] | |
| 4-h Cr51 release | No | Not Applicable (NA) | [47] | |
| IFN-gamma (IFN-γ) | No | Not Applicable (NA) | [47] | |
| TNF-gamma | No | Not Applicable (NA) | [47] | |
| IL-2 | No | Not Applicable (NA) | [47] | |
| Others | Cytokine used in culture (IL-2 vs IL-7+IL-15) | No | Kappa (K+) NHL | [34] |
| Quality of immunological synapse | Yes | Not Applicable (NA) | [47] | |
| In Vivo Animal model | Yes | CLL | [47, 49] |