Table 1.
List of items included in a frailty index
| NO. | Items |
|---|---|
| 1 | ADLs: needs assistant in bathing |
| 2 | ADLs: needs assistant in dressing |
| 3 | ADLs: needs assistant in toileting |
| 4 | ADLs: needs assistant in indoor transferring |
| 5 | ADLs: needs assistant in continence |
| 6 | ADLs: needs assistant in eating |
| 7 | IADLs: unable to visit neighbors by himself/herself |
| 8 | IADLs: unable to go shopping by himself/herself |
| 9 | IADLs: unable to cook a meal by himself/herself |
| 10 | IADLs: unable to wash clothing by himself/herself |
| 11 | IADLs: unable to walk continuously for 1 km at a time by himself/herself |
| 12 | IADLs: unable to lift a weight of 5 kg |
| 13 | IADLs: unable to continuously crouch and stand up three times |
| 14 | IADLs: unable to take public transportation by himself/herself |
| 15 | Cognitive impairment (based on Mini Mental State Examination) |
| 16 | Poor self-reported health |
| 17 | Health state compared to past year |
| 18 | Poor interviewer-rated health |
| 19 | Vision loss |
| 20 | Psychological distress (based on usefulness, fearfulness) |
| 21 | Number of serious illnesses in the past 2 yearsa |
| 22 | Suffering from hypertension |
| 23 | Suffering from diabetes |
| 24 | Suffering from heart disease |
| 25 | Suffering from stroke or cerebrovascular disease |
| 26 | Suffering from bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia, asthma |
| 27 | Suffering from tuberculosis |
| 28 | Suffering from cataract |
| 29 | Suffering from cancer |
| 30 | Suffering from Parkinson’s disease |
| 31 | Suffering from arthritis |
| 32 | Suffering from dementia |
| 33 | Functional limitations: unable to put hand behind neck |
| 34 | Functional limitations: unable to put hand behind lower neck |
| 35 | Functional limitations: unable to raise arm upright |
| 36 | Functional limitations: unable to stand up from sitting in a chair |
| 37 | Functional limitations: unable to pick up a book from floor |
aTwo or more serious illnesses in the past 2 years are assigned a value of 2