Table 1.
Comparison of baseline clinical characteristics (High EASIX vs. Low EASIX)
| High EASIX (log2 EASIX > 1.87) (n = 372) |
Low EASIX (log2 EASIX ≤1.87) (n = 805) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age > 65 | 170 (45.7) | 359 (44.7) | 0.753 |
| Sex | < 0.001 | ||
| Male | 234 (62.9) | 405 (50.3) | |
| Female | 138 (37.1) | 400 (49.7) | |
| Immunoglobulin (Ig) type | < 0.001 | ||
| Ig G | 162 (45.8) | 453 (59.3) | |
| Ig M | 2 (0.6) | 5 (0.6) | |
| Ig A | 67 (18.9) | 168 (22.0) | |
| Ig D | 11 (3.1) | 13 (1.7) | |
| Light chain only | 112 (31.6) | 125 (16.4) | |
| ECOG PS ≥ 2 | 92 (24.7) | 157 (19.5) | 0.046 |
| Calcium ≥10.2 mg/dl | 103 (27.8) | 82 (10.2) | < 0.001 |
| Hb < 10.0 g/dl | 273 (73.4) | 389 (48.3) | < 0.001 |
| Chromosomal abnormality | < 0.001 | ||
| High risk | 63 (16.9) | 71 (8.8) | |
| Standard risk | 262 (70.4) | 650 (80.7) | |
| Non-assessable | 47 (12.6) | 84 (10.4) | |
| ISS | < 0.001 | ||
| I | 21 (5.6) | 286 (35.5) | |
| II | 73 (19.6) | 328 (40.7) | |
| III | 271 (72.8) | 180 (22.4) | |
| Non-assessable | 7 (1.9) | 11 (1.4) | |
| R-ISS | < 0.001 | ||
| I | 7 (1.9) | 206 (25.6) | |
| II | 181 (48.7) | 515 (64.0) | |
| III | 162 (43.5) | 35 (4.3) | |
| Non-assessable | 22 (5.9) | 49 (6.1) | |
| Year of diagnosis | 0.073 | ||
| 2003–2005 | 24 (6.5) | 79 (9.8) | |
| 2006–2008 | 48 (12.9) | 135 (16.8) | |
| 2009–2011 | 84 (22.6) | 168 (20.9) | |
| 2012–2014 | 128 (34.4) | 233 (28.9) | |
| 2015–2017 | 88 (23.7) | 190 (23.6) | |
| ASCT | 128 (34.4) | 367 (45.6) | < 0.001 |
| Treatment regimen during entire treatment | |||
| Thalidomide-based therapy | 195 (52.4) | 513 (63.7) | < 0.001 |
| Lenalidomide-based therapy | 153 (41.1) | 461 (57.3) | 0.612 |
| Pomalidomide-based therapy | 49 (13.2) | 90 (11.2) | 0.332 |
| Bortezomib-based therapy | 317 (85.2) | 682 (84.7) | 0.861 |
| Carfilzomib-based therapy | 35 (9.4) | 77 (9.6) | 1.000 |
| Daratumumab-based therapy | 19 (5.1) | 40 (5.0) | 1.000 |
Abbreviations: n Number, ECOG PS Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, LDH Lactate Dehydrogenase, UNL Upper limit of the normal value, Hb Hemoglobin, ISS International Staging System, R-ISS Revised-International Staging System, ASCT Autologous stem cell transplantation