Table 3.
Distal outcomes at wave 11 and comparisons across tobacco/nicotine and cannabis trajectory classes.
| Low/No use (Class 1) | Tobacco quitters/ Cannabis maintainers (Class 2) | Late concurrent T/C Co-use (Class 3) | Early concurrent T/C Co-use (Class 4) | Directions of significant class differences (P < .05) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tobacco/Nicotine | |||||
| Past-month use of any tobacco/nicotine product (P(SE)) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.43 (0.05) | 0.48 (0.03) | 1.00 (0.05) | 4 > 1,2,3 2,3 > 1 |
| Number of products used in past montha (mean (SE)) | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.77 (0.12) | 0.89 (0.08) | 2.46 (0.18) | 4 > 1,2,3 2,3 > 1 |
| Past-month use of combustible products (P(SE)) | 0.18 (0.02) | 0.77 (0.11) | 1.89 (0.12) | 0.79 (0.05) | 4 > 1,2,3 2,3 > 1 |
| Past-month use of vaping/ENDS (P(SE)) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.25 (0.04) | 0.34 (0.03) | 0.92 (0.06) | 4 > 1,2,3 2,3 > 1 |
| Cannabis | |||||
| Past-month use of any product (P(SE)) | 0.07 (0.01) | 0.70 (0.04) | 0.59 (0.03) | 0.83 (0.05) | 4 > 1,3 2,3 > 1 |
| Number of products used in past monthb (mean (SE)) | 0.09 (0.05) | 2.55 (0.22) | 1.97 (0.15) | 3.31 (0.29) | 4 > 1,3 3 > 1 |
| Past-month use of combustible products (P(SE)) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.61 (0.05) | 0.50 (0.03) | 0.84 (0.05) | 4 > 1,2,3 2,3 > 1 |
| Past-month use of vaping products (P(SE)) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.49 (0.05) | 0.34 (0.03) | 0.57 (0.06) | 4 > 1,3 2,3 > 1 |
| How has legalization affected your marijuana use? (1-5 scale) (mean (SE)) | 3.01 (0.06) | 2.95 (0.09) | 3.00 (0.06) | 3.00 (0.11) | – |
| How has legalization affected your use of e-cigarettes or personal vaporizers (eg, “vape pens” or “mods”) to vape marijuana alone (that is, not with any e-liquid containing nicotine)? (1-5 scale) (mean (SE)) | 2.73 (0.10) | 2.78 (0.09) | 2.80 (0.07) | 3.00 (0.10) | 4 > 1 |
| Past-month Co-use of T/C Products | |||||
| Concurrent co-use of any T/C products (p(SE)) | 0.00 | 0.35 (0.05) | 0.27 (0.02) | 0.84 (0.06) | 4 > 1,2,3 2,3 > 1 |
| Number of T/C product/method combinationsc (mean (SE)) | 0.18 (0.16) | 2.94 (0.80) | 1.65 (0.48) | 6.58 (1.39) | 4 > 1,2,3 2,3 > 1 |
| Combustible T/C product co-use | |||||
| Combustible product concurrent co-use (P(SE)) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.22 (0.04) | 0.14 (0.02) | 0.64 (0.06) | 4 > 1,2,3 2,3 > 1 |
| Combustible product sequential use (P(SE)) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.13 (0.03) | 0.12 (0.02) | 0.39 (0.06) | 4 > 1,2,3 2,3 > 1 |
| Combustible product co-administration (P(SE)) | 0.00 | 0.18 (0.04) | 0.06 (0.02) | 0.53 (0.06) | 4 > 1,2,3 3 > 1 2 > 1 |
| Vaping T/C product co-use | |||||
| Vaping product concurrent co-use (p(SE)) | 0.00 | 0.31 (0.06) | 0.28 (0.04) | 0.95 (0.07) | 4 > 1,2,3 2,3 > 1 |
| Vaping product sequential use (P(SE)) | 0.00 | 0.12 (0.03) | 0.07 (0.02) | 0.32 (0.06) | 4 > 1,2,3 2,3 > 1 |
| Vaping product co-administration (P(SE)) | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.06 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.11 (0.03) | 2,4 > 1 4 > 3 |
| How has cannabis legalization affected your use of e-cigarettes or personal vaporizers (eg, “vape pens” or “mods”) to vape marijuana combined with e-liquid containing nicotine? (1-5 scale) (mean (SE)) | 2.68 (0.10) | 2.56 (0.09) | 2.68 (0.06) | 2.89 (0.10) | 4 > 2 |
Abbreviations: ENDS, electronic nicotine delivery system; mean (SE), model-based class mean (standard error); P(SE), model-based probability(standard error); T/C, tobacco/nicotine and cannabis.
Group mean differences for continuous outcomes were assessed using the manual three-step auxiliary BCH approach, which uses a pseudo-class Wald chi-square test to assess mean differences between classes. Group differences for categorical outcomes were assessed using the manual three-step auxiliary DCAT approach. Directions of significant group differences at P < .05 are shown.
Total of 6 possible product types; participant responses ranged from 0 to 6.
Total of 8 possible product types; participant responses ranged from 0 to 8.
Total of 66 possible unique product combinations; participant responses ranged from 0 to 20.