TABLE 3.
Blood and CSF Culture Organism and Time to Positivity
| Overall, n (%) | Time to Positivity, Median (IQR), h | Time to Positivity Categories, n (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤12 h | >12–≤24 h | >24–≤36 h | >36–≤48 h | >48–≤60 h | >60–≤72 h | >72 h | |||
| Blood culture time to positivity | |||||||||
| Pathogens, category of blood organism | |||||||||
| E coli | 29 (39.2) | 13.6 (12.0–20.6) | 8 (27.6) | 14 (48.3) | 5 (17.2) | 1 (3.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Enterobacter | 4 (5.4) | 13.7 (12.7–15.8) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| GBS | 17 (23.0) | 14.3 (12.6–20.5) | 4 (23.5) | 12 (70.6) | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Klebsiella | 2 (2.7) | 17.3 (12.7–22.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Staph aureus | 9 (12.2) | 19.4 (19.2–21.0) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Mixed | 1 (1.4) | 22.3 (22.3–22.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other | 12 (16.2) | 21.9 (12.9–38.8) | 3 (25.0) | 4 (33.3) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) |
| Contaminants, category of blood organism | |||||||||
| Staphylococcus species | 104 (57.1) | 26.2 (22.1–32.8) | 0 (0.0) | 39 (37.5) | 44 (42.3) | 12 (11.5) | 2 (1.9) | 6 (5.8) | 1 (1.0) |
| Streptococcus species | 22 (12.1) | 19.7 (16.0–27.8) | 1 (4.5) | 14 (63.6) | 6 (27.3) | 1 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Mixed | 32 (17.6) | 20.6 (15.3–25.2) | 1 (3.1) | 20 (62.5) | 7 (21.9) | 2 (6.3) | 1 (3.1) | 1 (3.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other | 24 (13.2) | 34.1 (21.2–43.1) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (33.3) | 6 (25.0) | 6 (25.0) | 2 (8.3) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (4.2) |
| CSF time to positivity (earliest notification of Gram-stain or Culture)a | |||||||||
| Pathogens, category of CSF organism | |||||||||
| GBSb | 9 (40.9) | 1.7 (1.1–3.4) | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Staphylococcus speciesc | 1 (4.5) | 94.4 (94.4–94.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100.0) |
| Otherd | 12 (54.5) | 20.5 (14.0–24.0) | 3 (25.0) | 6 (50.0) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Contaminants, category of CSF organism | |||||||||
| Staphylococcus speciese | 24 (47.1) | 49.6 (19.7–62.5) | 1 (4.2) | 6 (25.0) | 1 (4.2) | 3 (12.5) | 4 (16.7) | 5 (20.8) | 4 (16.7) |
| Streptococcus speciesf | 8 (15.7) | 30.8 (17.2–34.0) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (25.0) | 3 (37.5) | 1 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Otherg | 19 (37.3) | 43.3 (28.9–90.5) | 1 (5.3) | 3 (15.8) | 1 (5.3) | 6 (31.6) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (5.3) | 6 (31.6) |
| CSF positivity reflecting Gram-stain only | |||||||||
| Pathogens, category of CSF organism | |||||||||
| GBS | 8 (80.0) | 1.6 (1.0–2.7) | 8 (100.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Staphylococcus species | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Other | 2 (20.0) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Contaminants, category of CSF organism | |||||||||
| Staphylococcus species | 1 (50.0) | 6.6 (6.6–6.6) | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Streptococcus species | 1 (50.0) | 1.5 (1.5–1.5) | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Other | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| CSF positivity reflecting culture only | |||||||||
| Pathogens, category of CSF organism | |||||||||
| GBS | 4 (25.0) | 17.6 (15.2–22.5) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (75.0) | 1 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Staphylococcus species | 1 (6.3) | 94.4 (94.4–94.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100.0) |
| Other | 11 (68.8) | 21.0 (18.7–39.8) | 1 (9.1) | 6 (54.5) | 1 (9.1) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Contaminants, category of CSF organism | |||||||||
| Staphylococcus species | 23 (46.9) | 50.8 (19.8–62.6) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (26.1) | 1 (4.3) | 3 (13.0) | 4 (17.4) | 5 (21.7) | 4 (17.4) |
| Streptococcus species | 7 (14.3) | 30.8 (21.2–37.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (28.6) | 3 (42.9) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Other | 19 (38.8) | 43.3 (28.9–90.5) | 1 (5.3) | 3 (15.8) | 1 (5.3) | 6 (31.6) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (5.3) | 6 (31.6) |
GBS, group B Streptococcus.
This reflects the minimum time to positivity time defined as the earliest notification of either a positive culture or the earliest notification of documented communication of Gram-stain positive for bacteria.
Category contains GBS.
Category contains Staphylococcus aureus.
Category contains E coli, E cloacae, E faecalis, K oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, moderate L Monocytogenes, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Category contains Staphylococcus coagulase negative, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus non-aureus.
Category contains α-hemolytic Streptococcus, nonhemolytic Streptococcus, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus parasanguinis.
Category contains Acinetobacter species, aerobic Gram-positive rod, α-hemolytic Streptococcus, diphtheroids, α-hemolytic Streptococcus, mixed, multiple flora, organisms, α-hemolytic Streptococcus, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Bacillus species, Corynebacteria, Micrococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Alcaligenes species, bifidobacterium species from subculture only, Gram-positive coccobacilli, rare Streptococcus species (2 CFUs only),α-hemolytic Streptococcus, coryneform Gram-positive rods isolated from broth media only, Staphylococcus capitis subsp. capitis,Staphylococcus haemolyticus.