Table 1.

In vitro/in vivo direct reprogramming into target cell with differential transcriptional factors.

Type	Cell source	Transcriptional factor	Target cells	References
Vitro	Mouse fibroblast	Ascl1 + Brn2 + Myt1 (BAM)	Glut	Vierbuchen et al.6
Vitro	Human fibroblast	ASCL1 + BRN2 + MYT1 + NEUROD1	Glut/GABA	Pang et al.20
Vitro	Mouse astrocyte	Pax6	Immature neuron	Heins et al.24
Vitro	Mouse astrocyte	Ngn2	Glut/GABA	Heinrich et al.25
Vitro	Human fibroblast	NGN2 + ASCL1* (with small molecules)	Glut/GABA	Ladewig et al.26/ Zhao et al.27
Vitro	Human T-cell lymphocyte	ASCL1 + BRN2 + MYT1L + NGN2 (BAMN)	Neuron	Tanabe et al.28
Vitro	Human fibroblast	Ascl1 + Brn2 + Myt1 (BAM) + FoxA2 + Lmx1a	Dopaminergic	Pfisterer et al.22
Vitro	Human/Mouse fibroblast	Ascl1 + Lmx1a + Nurr1 (ALN)	Dopaminergic	Caiazzo et al.31
Vitro	Mouse fibroblast/astrocyte	ASCL1 + LMX1B + NURR1 (ALN)	Dopaminergic	Addis et al.62
Vitro	Human fibroblast	ASCL1 + NGN2 + NURR1 + PITX3	Dopaminergic	Liu et al.32
Vitro	Human fibroblast	ASCL1 + LMX1B + FEV + FOXA2	Serotonergic	Xu et al.33
Vitro	Human/Mouse fibroblast	Ascl1 + Brn2 + Myt1 + Hb9 + Ngn2 + Isl1 + Lhx3	Spinal Motor neurons	Son et al.21
Vitro	Human iPSC	NGN2 + ISL1 + LHX3 (NIL)	Spinal Motor neurons	Garone et al.34
Vitro	Human/mouse fibroblast	Ngn1and/or Ngn2 + Brn3a	Peripheral neurons	Blanchard et al.35
Vitro	Mouse fibroblast	Sox10 + Olig2 + Nkx6.2	NG2/OPC	Najm et al.39
Vitro	Mouse/rat fibroblast	Sox10 + Olig2 + ZFP536	NG2/OPC	Yang et al.40
Vitro	Mouse fibroblast	Nf1a + Nf1b + Sox9	Astrocyte	Caiazzo et al.41
Vitro	Human neural stem cell	NF1A	Astrocyte	Tchieu et al.42
Vitro	Human pericyte	ASCL1 + SOX2	Neural stem cell	Karow et al.68
Vivo	Mouse astrocyte	Ngn2	Glut	Heinrich et al.25
Vivo	Mouse astrocyte	Ngn2* (with EGF + FGF2)	ND	Grande et al.58
Vivo	Mouse astrocyte	Ngn2 + Bcl2	Glut	Gascon et al.59
Vivo	Mouse astrocyte	Ascl1 + Brn2 + Myt1 (BAM)	Immature/nd	Torper et al.60
Vivo	Mouse astrocyte	Ascl1	GABA	Liu et al.61
Vivo	Mouse astrocyte	NeuroD1	Glut/GABA	Guo et al.7
Vivo	Mouse/human astrocyte	NEUROD1 + ASCL1 + LMX1A + miR218 (NeAL218)	Dopaminergic	Rivetti et al.57
Vivo	Mouse astrocyte	SOX2* (with noggin + BDNF)	Neuroblast	Niu et al.64
Vivo	Mouse NG2/OPC	NeuroD1	Glut/GABA	Guo et al.7
Vivo	Mouse NG2/OPC	Ascl1 + Lmx1a + Nurr1(ALN)	Glut/GABA	Torper et al.56
Vivo	Mouse NG2/OPC	Sox2	GABA	Heinrich et al.67