Table 2.

Incidence rates and hazard ratios for death in COVID-19 patients, according to hydroxychloroquine use.

Multiple imputation analysis (N=3,451)
	Death (N=576)	Patient at risk (N=3,451)	Person-days	Death Rate (x1,000 person-days)
Hydroxychloroquine
No- no. (%)	190 (23.3%)	817 (100%)	12,084	15.7
Yes- no. (%)	386 (14.7%)	2,634 (100%)	43,304	8.9
Hazard ratio for death (HCQ versus non HCQ)				HR (95% CI)
Crude analysis				0.56 (0.47 to 0.67)
Multivariable analysis*				0.70 (0.58 to 0.85)
Propensity score analysis, inverse probability weighting** (primary analysis)				0.70 (0.59 to 0.84)
Propensity score analysis, stratification (n=5 strata)**				0.67 (0.56 to 0.81)
Odds ratio for death (HCQ versus non HCQ)				OR (95% CI)
Propensity score analysis, inverse probability weighting**				0.67 (0.54 to 0.82)
Case Complete Analysis (N=3,156)
	Death (N=510)	Patient at risk (N= 3,156)	Person-days	Death Rate (x1,000 person-days)
Hydroxychloroquine
No- no. (%)	170 (22.9%)	741 (100%)	11,050	15.4
Yes- no. (%)	340 (14.1%)	2,415 (100%)	39,274	8.7
Hazard ratio for death (HCQ versus non HCQ)				HR (95% CI)
Crude analysis				0.56 (0.46 to 0.67)
Multivariable analysis*				0.71 (0.59 to 0.86)
Propensity score analysis, inverse probability weighting**				0.64 (0.53 to 0.76)
Propensity score analysis, stratification (n=5 strata)**				0.68 (0.56 to 0.82)
Odds ratio for death (HCQ versus non HCQ)				OR (95% CI)
Propensity score analysis, inverse probability weighting**				0.67 (0.54 to 0.82)

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratios; CI, confidence intervals. *Controlling for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, history of ischemic heart disease, chronic pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, C-reactive protein, lopinavir/ritonavir or darunavir/cobicistat, tocilizumab or sarilumab, remdesivir or corticosteroids use as fixed effects and hospitals clustering as random effect. **Including hospitals clustering as random effect covariate.