Table 1.
Characteristics of the patients included in model training. Data are represented as n (%), mean ± standard deviation, or median (IQR).
| Characteristic | Not hospitalized (n=402) | Discharged (n=185) | Ventilated (n=19) | Deceased (n=95) | ||||
|
|
Value | Value | P valuea | Value | P valueb | Value | P valueb | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 48 (17) | 50 (17) | .32 | 58 (20) | .03 | 67 (14) | <.001 | |
| Male sex, n (%) | 182 (45.3) | 89 (48.1) | .52 | 14 (73.7) | .02 | 60 (63.2) | .002 | |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 25 (4) | 28 (6) | .16 | 29 (5) | .46 | 25 (6) | .06 | |
| Systolic BPc (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 132 (14) | 123 (19) | .004 | 126 (20) | .78 | 94 (40) | <.001 | |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 82 (8) | 71 (11) | <.001 | 70 (12) | .29 | 54 (26) | <.001 | |
| Temperature (ºF), mean (SD) | 99 (1) | 98 (5) | .54 | 99 (1) | .66 | 100 (2) | .12 | |
| Pulse (beats per minute), mean (SD) | 90 (18) | 84 (14) | .06 | 93 (14) | .03 | 74 (54) | .02 | |
| Asthma, n (%) | 44 (10.9) | 12 (6.5) | .09 | 3 (15.8) | .37 | 6 (6.3) | .31 | |
| COPDd, n (%) | 60 (14.9) | 17 (9.2) | .06 | 3 (15.8) | .74 | 15 (15.8) | .48 | |
| Cancer, n (%) | 13 (3.2) | 5 (2.7) | .73 | 2 (10.5) | .07 | 14 (14.7) | <.001 | |
| Cardiovascular comorbiditiese, n (%) | 120 (29.9) | 61 (33.0) | .45 | 10 (52.6) | .04 | 65 (68.4) | <.001 | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 96 (23.9) | 53 (28.6) | .22 | 9 (47.4) | .03 | 52 (54.7) | <.001 | |
| HIV/AIDS, n (%) | 3 (0.7) | 2 (1.1) | .68 | 0 (0.0) | .69 | 3 (3.2) | .053 | |
| Liver disease, n (%) | 11 (2.7) | 10 (5.4) | .11 | 2 (10.5) | .12 | 4 (4.2) | .76 | |
| Renal disease, n (%) | 20 (4.9) | 17 (9.2) | .051 | 3 (15.8) | .10 | 21 (22.1) | <.001 | |
| cTnIf (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 7.07 (7.07-7.07) | 7.07 (7.07-7.07) | .30 | 20.00 (7.07-63.75) | <.001 | 73.50 (7.07-712.00) | <.001 | |
| CRPg (mg/L), median (IQR) | 51.40 (16.55-101.35) | 67.90 (17.95-121.50) | .28 | 37.30 (27.30-139.72) | .44 | 176.00 (115.00-287.00) | <.001 | |
| PCTh (ng/mL), median (IQR) | 0.12 (0.06-0.36) | 0.10 (0.05-0.31) | .31 | 0.69 (0.07-1.91) | .008 | 1.61 (0.35-8.31) | <.001 | |
| D-Dimer (μg/mLi), median (IQR) | 0.39 (0.20-0.71) | 0.27 (0.18-0.56) | .047 | 0.86 (0.50-3.02) | <.001 | 1.58 (0.72-5.35) | <.001 | |
| NT-proBNPj (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 93.00 (36.50-375.25) | 88.00 (28.50-298.00) | .60 | 217.00 (78.00-394.25) | .13 | 937.00 (160.25-5728.50) | <.001 | |
aCompared to patients who were not hospitalized.
bCompared to patients who were not hospitalized or discharged.
cBP: blood pressure.
dCOPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
eCardiovascular comorbidities: one or more of cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, and hypertension.
fcTnI: cardiac troponin I.
gCRP: C-reactive protein.
hPCT: procalcitonin.
iµg/mL: micrograms per milliliter.
jNT-proBNP: N-terminal fragment of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide.