Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of two population-based cohorts of urban residents in Ontario, Canada in 2000 (percent or count, otherwise specified).

Baseline characteristics	Full cohorta ($n=\mathrm{1,362,723}$)		Incidence cohorta ($n=\mathrm{1,290,288}$)
	Subject count	%	Subject count	%
Age at entry [y ($\text{mean}\pm \text{SD}$)]	$56.3\pm 14.8$	—	$55.3\pm 14.3$	—
Sex
Male	637,754	47	602,564	47
Female	724,969	53	687,724	53
Preexisting comorbidityb
Diabetes	124,008	9	103,223	8
Hypertension	402,004	30	350,959	27
Acute myocardial infarction	27,255	2	—	—
Heart failure	54,509	4	—	—
Stroke	38,156	3	28,386	2
Asthma	29,980	2	27,096	2
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	138,998	10	114,836	9
Dementia	25,892	2	19,354	2
Cancer	83,127	6	73,547	6
Area-level risk factorsc
Income quintile
Lowest	246,244	18	229,155	18
Lower middle	273,907	20	257,671	20
Middle	283,447	21	268,896	21
Upper middle	276,360	20	263,864	20
Upper	281,947	21	270,057	21
% of recent immigrants	—	4	—	4
% population age $>15$ y with under high school education	—	35	—	34
% population age $\ge 15$ y without employment	—	9	—	9

Note: —, no data; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; HF, heart failure; SD, standard deviation.

^aFull cohort comprised all urban residents ages 35–100 y in Ontario who lived in the same postal-code areas as in two patient cohorts with AMI or HF (see Table 2). Incidence cohort comprised all individuals in the full cohort who were free of any AMI and HF.

^bDuring the past 10 y before cohort inception.

^cFrom the 2001 Canadian Census, at the census dissemination area level.