Table 2. Summary of GLMMs fixed effects of socio-economic factors and species traits on the probability of mammal decline in PAs.

Models	1	2	3	4	5
	Global	Africa only	Africa- ex.elephant	Africa- elephant only	Asia only
HDI		-8.97*		-15.80**
		(-16.59, -1.35)		(-26.33, -5.28)
Body mass	0.21**	0.34***	0.37***
	(0.07, 0.34)	(0.16, 0.53)	(0.17, 0.58)
PA strictness	-1.11*				1.77**
	(-1.95, -0.27)				(0.66, 2.88)
Intercept	1.00	3.53	-0.08	8.28***	-0.35
	(-0.22, 2.21)	(-0.11, 7.17)	(-1.32, 1.16)	(3.36, 13.14)	(-1.09, 0.39)
Observations	523	374	302	72	65
Pseudo R2	0.37	0.47	0.43	0.68	0.16
Conditional R2	0.64	0.77	0.61	0.83	0.19

Significance *p<0.05;

**p<0.01;

***p<0.001.

Values in brackets represent 95% confidence intervals.