Table 1. Anthropometric and clinical characteristics of patients admitted because of COVID-19 pneumonia at baseline (all patients) and according to the outcome (with and without Pulmonary embolism).
| All patients (n = 30) | PE patients (n = 15) | Non-PE patients (n = 15) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr. | 64.5 (55.8–71.3) | 67.0 (63.0–73.0) | 57.0 (48.0–69.0) | 0.048 |
| Gender, men, n (%) | 19 (63.3%) | 10 (66.7%) | 9 (60.0%) | 0.704 |
| Body mass index, Kg/m2 | 28.2 (26.4–31.1) | 28.9 (26.6–31.2) | 27.5 (25.9–31.5) | 0.727 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 12 (40.0%) | 8 (53.3%) | 4 (26.7%) | 0.136 |
| Arrhythmia, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | NA |
| Respiratory chronic disease, n (%) | 5 (16.7%) | 4 (26.7%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0.329 |
| Previous antiplatelet treatment, n (%) | 7 (23.3%) | 3 (20.0%) | 4 (26.7%) | 1.000 |
| Time from illness onset to hospital admission, days | 8.0 (4.8–14.0) | 11.0 (7.0–15.0) | 7.0 (4.0–10.0) | 0.080 |
| Time from illness onset to CTPA, days | 20.0 (14.8–24.3) | 19.0 (15.0–22.0) | 21.0 (14.0–25.0) | 0.802 |
| Current or former smokers, n (%) | 7 (23.3%) | 3 (20.0%) | 4 (26.7%) | 1.000 |
| Smoking, Pack-year | 30.0 (28.5–40.0) | 30.0 (27.0–0.0) | 40.0 (40.0–40.0) | 0.067 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Cough, n (%) | 27 (90.0%) | 14 (93.3%) | 13 (86.7%) | 1.000 |
| Fever, n (%) | 26 (86.7%) | 14 (93.3%) | 12 (80.0%) | 0.597 |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 19 (63.3%) | 10 (66.7%) | 9 (60.0%) | 0.704 |
| Hemoptysis, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | NA |
| Chest pain, n (%) | 2 (6.7%) | 1 (6.7%) | 1 (6.7%) | 1.000 |
| Physical examination* | ||||
| Respiratory rate, breaths per min | 22.0 (18.0–25.5) | 24.0 (18.0–26.0) | 22.0 (17.8–26.0) | 0.775 |
| Heart rate, beats per min | 90.0 (77.3–109.3) | 90.0 (75.0–109.0) | 92.0 (84.0–110.0) | 0.319 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 130.0 (117.0–139.8) | 130.0 (117.0–142.0) | 132.0 (121.0–139.0) | 0.787 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 72.5 (63.8–85.0) | 75.0 (64.0–89.0) | 71.0 (59.0–81.0) | 0.299 |
| Temperature, °C | 37.1 (36.1–37.7) | 37.1 (36.1–37.7) | 37.1 (35.7–37.8) | 0.851 |
| Lower limb edema, n (%) | 3 (10.0%) | 2 (13.3%) | 1 (6.7%) | 1.000 |
| CURB 65 | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) | 0.572 |
| PE risk factors | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 8 (26.7%) | 4 (26.7%) | 4 (26.7%) | 1.000 |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 12 (40.0%) | 8 (53.3%) | 4 (26.7%) | 0.136 |
| Chronic respiratory failure, n (%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
| Varicose veins, n (%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
| Chronic venous insufficiency, n (%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (6.7%) | 1.000 |
| Neoplasm, n (%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
| Previous VTE, n (%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
| Chronic heart failure, n (%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 3 (10.0%) | 1 (6.7%) | 2 (13.3%) | 1.000 |
| Pregnancy or puerperium, n (%) | 1 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (6.7%) | 1.000 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 9 (31.0%) | 4 (26.7%) | 5 (35.7%) | 0.699 |
| One or more known risk factors for PE, n (%) | 16 (53.3%) | 9 (60.0%) | 7 (46.7%) | 0.464 |
| Treatment in hospital | ||||
| Oxygen therapy | ||||
| Maximum FiO2 | 0.7 (0.3–1.0) | 0.4 (0.4–1.0) | 1.0 (0.3–1.0) | 0.546 |
| HFNC, n (%) | 4 (13.3%) | 1 (6.7%) | 3 (20.0%) | 0.597 |
| NIV, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | NA |
| IMV, n (%) | 7 (23.3%) | 4 (26.7%) | 3 (20.0%) | 1.000 |
| Azithromycin, n (%) | 11 (73.3%) | 3 (60.0%) | 8 (80.0%) | 0.560 |
| Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 27 (90.0%) | 14 (93.3%) | 13 (86.7%) | 1.000 |
| Lopinavir + Ritonavir, n (%) | 17 (85.0%) | 8 (80.0%) | 9 (90.0%) | 1.000 |
| Tocilizumab, n (%) | 11 (36.7%) | 4 (26.7%) | 7 (46.7%) | 0.255 |
| Other biological therapy, n (%) | 1 (3.3%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
| Systemic corticosteroids, n (%) | 17 (56.7%) | 9 (60.0%) | 8 (53.3%) | 0.712 |
| Clinical outcomes | ||||
| Acute respiratory failure, n (%) | 15 (50.0%) | 9 (60.0%) | 6 (40.0%) | 0.273 |
| Arrhythmia, n (%) | 2 (6.7%) | 2 (13.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.482 |
| ICU admission, n (%) | 11 (37.9%) | 5 (33.3%) | 6 (42.9%) | 0.597 |
| Death, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | NA |
Values represent percentage or median (IQR) according to its distribution. Abbreviations: CPTA, computed tomography pulmonary angiography; BP, blood pressure; PE, pulmonary embolism; VTE, Venous thromboembolism; IVF, in vitro fertilization; FiO2, fractional inspired oxygen; HFNC, High Flow Nasal Cannula; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; ICU, intensive care unit.