| NSPs involved in proteolysis |
NSP15,33
|
inhibits production of proteins
related to host innate immunity; overexpression increases production
of pro-inflammatory chemokines |
91.1% |
| |
NSP25
|
may serve as an adaptor
for NSP3; not essential for viral replication |
82.9% |
| PLpro/NSP35,33
|
forms complex with NSP4
and NSP6; functions in stripping ubiquitin and blocking host innate
immune response |
86.5% |
| NSP433
|
forms complex with NSP3
and NSP6; predicted to anchor replication complex to double membrane
vesicles |
90.8% |
| 3CLpro/NSP55,33,34
|
cleaves polyproteins
to
release individual NSPs |
98.7% |
| NSP65
|
forms complex with NSP3
and NSP4; may also limit autophagosome expansion and lysosomal viral
degradation |
94.8% |
| NSPs involved in viral RNA
modification and replication |
primase/NSP75,34
|
form primase
complex as part of the replication complex (NSP7/8/12) capable of both de novo initiation and primer extension |
100% |
| |
primase/NSP85,34
|
99% |
| |
RNA-binding protein/NSP95
|
single-stranded RNA-binding
protein that interacts with replication complex (NSP7/8/12) |
98.2% |
| |
NSP105,35
|
zinc-finger protein that
forms complex with NSP16 essential for replication; stimulates NSP16
to execute its methyltransferase activity; may also form complex with
NSP14 to carry both exoribonuclease and methyltransferase activities |
99.3% |
| |
RdRp/NSP125,34
|
complexes with
NSP7 and
NSP8 to form RNA replication complex for viral replication and transcription |
98.3% |
| |
helicase/NTPase/NSP135,34
|
initiates the first
step
in viral mRNA capping; along with NSP14 and NSP16; installs the cap
structure onto viral mRNA in the cytoplasm |
100% |
| |
methyltransferase/exoribonuclease/NSP145,34
|
corrects mutations
during
genome replication; facilitates capping of viral mRNA |
98.7% |
| |
uridylate-specific endoribonuclease/NSP155,34
|
essential for viral
RNA
synthesis |
95.7% |
| |
2′-O-methyltransferase/NSP165,34
|
forms complex with NSP10;
involved in mRNA S-adenosyl-l-methionine cap methylation |
98.0% |
| |
NSP115
|
short peptide with unknown
function |
92.3% |
| structural proteins |
spike (S) protein5,7,36
|
binds to ACE2 receptor on
host cells and initiates viral fusion with host cell membrane |
87% |
| |
envelope (E) protein5,36
|
plays a central
role in
viral morphogenesis and assembly |
96.1% |
| |
membrane (M) protein5,36,37
|
major
driver for viral assembly |
96.4% |
| |
nucleocapsid (N) protein5,36,37
|
binds to viral RNA |
94.3% |
| accessory proteins |
ORF3a5
|
involved in S protein
trafficking
and apoptosis |
85.1% |
| |
ORF3b5
|
inhibits interferon activities |
9.5% |
| |
ORF65,38
|
interferon I antagonist that binds to karyopherins, alters their
localization and reduces interferon/antiviral response |
85.7% |
| |
ORF7a5
|
involved
in virus-induced
apoptosis; inhibits CD317 which prevents release of coronavirus particles |
90.2% |
| |
ORF7b5
|
unknown
function |
84.1% |
| |
ORF85
|
unknown function but not
essential for virus replication |
45.3% |
| |
ORF9b5
|
involved in degradation
of MAVS signalosome and limits host cell interferon responses |
84.7% |
| |
ORF9c5
|
unknown,
may not be expressed |
78.1% |
| |
ORF105
|
unknown, may not be expressed |
N.A. |
