Table 2.

Estimated CV MAE, MASE, RMSE, and R² for BW, MD, and BF for the best multiple LM, PLS, EN, ANN, and DL image encoder

Trait	Model	MAE	MASE	RMSE	R 2
BW, kg	LM	4.81	4.00	6.61	0.73
	PLS	4.62	3.85	6.48	0.74
	EN	4.55	3.79	6.39	0.75
	ANN	5.00	4.16	6.83	0.70
	DL	3.26	2.69	4.56	0.86
MD, mm	LM	4.10	6.30	5.16	0.35
	PLS	4.36	6.67	5.37	0.30
	EN	4.12	6.32	5.12	0.31
	ANN	4.61	7.07	5.77	0.21
	DL	3.28	5.02	4.34	0.50
BF, mm	LM	1.15	18.83	1.43	0.12
	PLS	1.13	18.95	1.40	0.10
	EN	1.08	18.00	1.35	0.16
	ANN	1.20	19.69	1.52	0.10
	DL	0.80	13.56	1.11	0.45