. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 25.

Published in final edited form as: Eur Phy Educ Rev. 2017 Aug 21;25(2):293–310. doi: 10.1177/1356336x17724173

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics for all variables (N= 992).

Variable	Mean	SD	Skew/SE	Kurt/SE
Descriptive tasks	2.79	0.41	−0.71/0.08	2.22/0.16
Relational tasks	2.60	0.51	−0.17/0.08	0.66/0.16
Reasoning tasks	1.79	0.51	0.50/0.08	1.00/0.16
Pre-knowledge	0.37	0.16	0.17/0.08	−0.12/0.16
Post-knowledge	0.61	0.18	−0.59/0.08	−0.33/0.16
Residual gain score	0.00	0.17	−0.55/0.08	−0.27/0.16

Note: SD = standard deviation; Skew = skewness; Kurt = kurtosis; SE = standard error of skewness.