Table 4.

Direct and indirect effects of different levels of task on knowledge achievement.

Independent variable		Indirect effect path	Effect	SE*	p
Descriptive task	Total effect**	−	0.06	0.01	< 0.01
	Direct effect	−	−0.03	0.01	0.04
	Indirect effect 1	Descriptive→Relational→Knowledge achievement	0.06	0.01	< 0.01
	Indirect effect 2	Descriptive→Relational→Reasoning→Knowledge achievement	0.02	0.00	< 0.01
	Indirect effect 3	Descriptive→Reasoning→Knowledge achievement	0.02	0.00	< 0.01
	Total indirect effect	−	0.09	0.01	< 0.01
Relational task	Total effect	−	0.11	0.01	< 0.01
	Direct effect	−	0.08	0.01	< 0.01
	Indirect effect	Relational→Reasoning→Knowledge achievement	0.03	0.01	< 0.01
Reasoning task	Total effect	−	0.10	0.01	< 0.01

Note:

^*SE = standard error;

^**Total effect =(direct effect) + (indirect effect).