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. 2020 Aug 25;29(6):785–796. doi: 10.1007/s10956-020-09855-3

Table 4.

Ratings of goals for laboratory experiments (on a scale of 1 to 4)

Category Pretest M(SD) Posttest M(SD) Post-pre difference
a. Inquiry lab goals 3.43 (0.4) 3.48 (0.35) 0.05 (0.33)
b. Structured lab goals 3.64 (0.3) 3.49 (0.42) − 0.15 (0.29)
Posttest-pretest differences by groups
Category Experienced (N = 26) Novice (N = 15) Statistical test
a. Inquiry lab goals − 0.01(0.29) + 0.17 (0.37) t = 1.71, p = 0.096
b. Structured lab goals − 0.15(0.26) − 0.15 (0.35) No difference