Table 2.

Difference between live and inactivated vaccines

Live vaccine

Inactivated vaccine

•Vaccines in which an attenuated form of an infectious organism replicates to produce an immune response •Live vaccines typically produce a more robust immune response compared with inactivated vaccines •Can pose a risk to immunosuppressed recipients •Live vaccines recommended in IBD patients Influenza nasal Varicella Zoster (Zostavax) Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)

•Vaccines consisting of viral or bacterial proteins and carbohydrates that are grown in culture and denatured using heat or chemical methods •Because the organism of interest is inactivated, these vaccines typically produce a weaker immune response •Inactivated vaccines can be safely administered to patients on immunosuppressive therapy •Inactivated vaccines recommended in IBD patient Influenza injection Tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis (Tdap) Pneumococcal 13 valent (PCV13) Pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV23) Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib) Human Papilloma virus Meningococcal quadrivalent vaccine Varicella Zoster (Shingrix)

IBD inflammatory bowel disease