Table 2.

Mean of covariates considered in the estimations using the German data in the total sample, the late intervention group, the intermediate intervention group, and the early intervention group, respectively

Variable	Total sample	Late timing	Intermediate timing	Early timing	Curfew	No curfew
	N=408	N=81	N=275	N=52	N=149	N=259
Population	203,103	276,529	197,295	119,444	158,786	228,598
Population density	671	929	665	301	440	804
Income per capita (euro)	37,224	41,686	36,505	34,076	38,325	36,591
Share of population aged 65+	0.222	0.208	0.221	0.244	0.226	0.219
80+ mortality rate (per 1000 inhabitants), 2017	6.52	5.96	6.52	7.36	6.68	6.42
Share of respiratory disease-related deaths, 2016	0.07	0.069	0.071	0.067	0.066	0.072
Hospital beds per 1000 inhabitants	6.31	6.08	6.25	6.97	6.69	6.09
Share of confirmed infections aged 80+ prior to lockdown	0.019	0.024	0.018	0.014	0.022	0.017
Initial growth trend for confirmed cases in log points	0.209	0.23	0.234	0.049	0.185	0.224
Ban of events with > 1000 participants	0.917	0.889	0.924	0.923	1	0.869
Curfew	0.365	0.247	0.378	0.481	1	0
Ban of groups of > 5 persons (prior to contact ban/curfew)	0.223	0.21	0.236	0.173	0	0.351
Permission to meet with 1 non-household member	0.711	0.802	0.698	0.635	0.262	0.969