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. 2020 Aug 25;10:14158. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70998-9

Table 2.

Baseline characteristics of study participants: blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism; hematology.

All patients (n = 1,255) DR (n = 894) Non-DR (n = 361) P
Blood pressure
Hypertension n (%) 1,114 (88.8) 807 (90.3) 307 (85.0) 0.0082
Hypertension stages:
Normal n (%) 97 (7.7) 62 (6.9) 35 (9.7)
Pre-hypertension n (%) 329 (26.2) (25.7) 99 (27.4)
Stage 1 n (%) 450 (35.9) 312 (34.9) 138 (38.2)
Stage 2 n (%) 379 (30.2) 290 (32.4) 89 (24.7) 0.0322
Systolic BP (mmHg) Mean (± SD) 145.6 (22.02) 146,7 (22.36) 142.7 (20.92) 0.0041
Diastolic BP (mmHg) Mean (± SD) 75.8 (10.99) 76,2 (10.86) 75 (11.3) 0.0771
BP amplitude (mmHg) Mean (± SD) 69.7 (18.74) 70,5 (19.12) 67.8 (17.63) 0.0171
Glucose metabolism
T2DM duration
prior to study (years) Mean (± SD) 12.3 (1.92) 12,5 (1.84) 12.1 (2.06)  < 0.0011
Glucose (mg/dl) Mean (± SD) 151.6 (5.86) 155,2 (53.34) 142.6 (42.88)  < 0.0011
HbA1c (%) Mean (± SD) 6.7 (0.04) 6,9 (1.26) 6.3 (1.17)  < 0.0011
Lipid metabolism
Cholesterol (mg/dl) Mean (± SD) 219.3 (42.62) 219.6 (43.32) 218.4 (40.88) 0.6391
Triglycerides (mg/dl) Mean (± SD) 263.9 (166.82) 259.4 (164.94) 275.1 (171.11) 0.1331
VLDL cholesterol (mg/dl) Mean (± SD) 57.7 (33.88) 57.3 (34.09) 58.7 (33.37) 0.4951
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) Mean (± SD) 125.6 (29.86) 125.6 (29.84) 125.4 (29.96) 0.9081
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) Mean (± SD) 36.2 (13.19) 36.9 (13.74) 34.4 (11.56) 0.0031
Apolipoproteins
Apo A I (mg/dl) Mean (± SD) 126.3 (23.6) 127.4 (24.62) 123.7 (20.95) 0.0131
Apo A II (mg/dl) Mean (± SD) 28.2 (5.8) 28.5 (5.96) 27.7 (5.22) 0.0501
Apo B (mg/dl) Mean (± SD) 109.9 (29.7) 109.0 (29.38) 112.0 (30.38) 0.1111
Apo C II (mg/dl) Mean (± SD) 6.3 (3.0) 6.4 (3.07) 6.3 (2.95) 0.6011
Apo C III (mg/dl) Mean (± SD) 20.4 (9.5) 20.3 (9.53) 20.8 (9.44) 0.3441
Apo E (mg/dl) Mean (± SD) 11.8 (4.0) 11.8 (4.07) 11.9 (3.91) 0.5551
Hematology
Hb (g/dl) Mean (± SD) 0.2 (0.4) 10.9 (1.34) 10.8 (0.72) 0.1051
Leucocytes (× 1,000/μl) Mean (± SD) 8.1 (2.4) 8.0 (2.36) 8.3 (2.58) 0.0331
Platelets (× 1,000/μl) Mean (± SD) 257.0 (80.6) 258.2 (81.06) 254.2 (79.75) 0.6381

1Student’s t-test.

2chi2–test.

DR: diabetic retinopathy, BP: blood pressure; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; VLDL: very-low-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; apo: Apolipoprotein; Hb: haemoglobin.