Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of study participants: blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism; hematology.
| All patients (n = 1,255) | DR (n = 894) | Non-DR (n = 361) | P | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure | ||||||||
| Hypertension | n (%) | 1,114 | (88.8) | 807 | (90.3) | 307 | (85.0) | 0.0082 |
| Hypertension stages: | ||||||||
| Normal | n (%) | 97 | (7.7) | 62 | (6.9) | 35 | (9.7) | |
| Pre-hypertension | n (%) | 329 | (26.2) | (25.7) | 99 | (27.4) | ||
| Stage 1 | n (%) | 450 | (35.9) | 312 | (34.9) | 138 | (38.2) | |
| Stage 2 | n (%) | 379 | (30.2) | 290 | (32.4) | 89 | (24.7) | 0.0322 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | Mean (± SD) | 145.6 | (22.02) | 146,7 | (22.36) | 142.7 | (20.92) | 0.0041 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | Mean (± SD) | 75.8 | (10.99) | 76,2 | (10.86) | 75 | (11.3) | 0.0771 |
| BP amplitude (mmHg) | Mean (± SD) | 69.7 | (18.74) | 70,5 | (19.12) | 67.8 | (17.63) | 0.0171 |
| Glucose metabolism | ||||||||
| T2DM duration | ||||||||
| prior to study (years) | Mean (± SD) | 12.3 | (1.92) | 12,5 | (1.84) | 12.1 | (2.06) | < 0.0011 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | Mean (± SD) | 151.6 | (5.86) | 155,2 | (53.34) | 142.6 | (42.88) | < 0.0011 |
| HbA1c (%) | Mean (± SD) | 6.7 | (0.04) | 6,9 | (1.26) | 6.3 | (1.17) | < 0.0011 |
| Lipid metabolism | ||||||||
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | Mean (± SD) | 219.3 | (42.62) | 219.6 | (43.32) | 218.4 | (40.88) | 0.6391 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | Mean (± SD) | 263.9 | (166.82) | 259.4 | (164.94) | 275.1 | (171.11) | 0.1331 |
| VLDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | Mean (± SD) | 57.7 | (33.88) | 57.3 | (34.09) | 58.7 | (33.37) | 0.4951 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | Mean (± SD) | 125.6 | (29.86) | 125.6 | (29.84) | 125.4 | (29.96) | 0.9081 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | Mean (± SD) | 36.2 | (13.19) | 36.9 | (13.74) | 34.4 | (11.56) | 0.0031 |
| Apolipoproteins | ||||||||
| Apo A I (mg/dl) | Mean (± SD) | 126.3 | (23.6) | 127.4 | (24.62) | 123.7 | (20.95) | 0.0131 |
| Apo A II (mg/dl) | Mean (± SD) | 28.2 | (5.8) | 28.5 | (5.96) | 27.7 | (5.22) | 0.0501 |
| Apo B (mg/dl) | Mean (± SD) | 109.9 | (29.7) | 109.0 | (29.38) | 112.0 | (30.38) | 0.1111 |
| Apo C II (mg/dl) | Mean (± SD) | 6.3 | (3.0) | 6.4 | (3.07) | 6.3 | (2.95) | 0.6011 |
| Apo C III (mg/dl) | Mean (± SD) | 20.4 | (9.5) | 20.3 | (9.53) | 20.8 | (9.44) | 0.3441 |
| Apo E (mg/dl) | Mean (± SD) | 11.8 | (4.0) | 11.8 | (4.07) | 11.9 | (3.91) | 0.5551 |
| Hematology | ||||||||
| Hb (g/dl) | Mean (± SD) | 0.2 | (0.4) | 10.9 | (1.34) | 10.8 | (0.72) | 0.1051 |
| Leucocytes (× 1,000/μl) | Mean (± SD) | 8.1 | (2.4) | 8.0 | (2.36) | 8.3 | (2.58) | 0.0331 |
| Platelets (× 1,000/μl) | Mean (± SD) | 257.0 | (80.6) | 258.2 | (81.06) | 254.2 | (79.75) | 0.6381 |
1Student’s t-test.
2chi2–test.
DR: diabetic retinopathy, BP: blood pressure; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; VLDL: very-low-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; apo: Apolipoprotein; Hb: haemoglobin.