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. 2020 Jun 7;69(3):670–681. doi: 10.1007/s12020-020-02355-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — The comprehensive spectrum of endocrine ADRs associated with ICIs reported from VigiBase. Information component (IC) reflects the strength of the drug-adverse event association. Positive IC value is regarded as a significant signal in VigiBase. All endocrine ADRs (N = 6089) classified by group queries according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA, version 20.1). ICI immune checkpoint inhibitor, ADR adverse drug reaction, SIADH inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, LADA latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, Cushing’s disease pituitary-dependent Cushing’s syndrome, secondary ACI secondary adrenocortical insufficiency. adrenal crisis: acute adrenocortical insufficiency. DM decompensation diabetic metabolic decompensation, DM inadequate control diabetes mellitus inadequate control, HHNS hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome, fulminant T1DM fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus, ectopic ADH secretion ectopic antidiuretic hormone secretion