Table 3.
Multivariable logistic regression analyses: associations between sociodemographic and clinical variables and the pain-fatigue-depression symptom cluster
| Multivariable analysesa | ||
|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||
| Country of residence | ||
| Republic of Ireland | 1.00 | |
| Northern Ireland | 2.87 (1.99–4.15) | < 0.001 |
| Highest level of education at diagnosis | ||
| Tertiary | 1.00 | |
| Secondary | 1.55 (0.96–2.51) | 0.073 |
| Primary | 2.01 (1.29–3.12) | 0.002 |
| Not reported | 2.96 (1.17–7.51) | 0.022 |
| First-degree family history of prostate cancer | ||
| No | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 0.80 (0.54–1.20) | 0.287 |
| Not reported | 4.15 (1.62–10.66) | 0.003 |
| Diagnosis related | ||
| Comorbid conditions at diagnosis | ||
| No | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 1.51 (1.04–2.18) | 0.029 |
| Urinating more frequently before diagnosis | ||
| No | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 1.53 (1.05–2.23) | 0.029 |
| Not reported | 1.16 (0.47–2.83) | 0.752 |
| Back pain before diagnosis | ||
| No | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 2.22 (1.51–3.27) | < 0.001 |
| Not reported | 1.08 (0.62–1.87) | 0.791 |
| Post-treatment symptoms | ||
| Incontinence of urine post-treatment | ||
| No | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 1.91 (1.33–2.76) | 0.001 |
| Bowel problems post-treatment | ||
| No | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 1.95 (1.36–2.80) | < 0.001 |
| Swelling or tenderness around nipple or upper chest area post-treatment | ||
| No | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 2.06 (1.35–3.14) | 0.001 |
| Sweats or hot flashes post-treatment | ||
| No | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 1.56 (1.07–2.26) | 0.021 |
| HRQoL | ||
| ≥ Median | 1.00 | |
| < Median | 44.09 (17.88–108.73) | < 0.001 |
| Unknown | 36.83 (7.89–171.90) | < 0.001 |
OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval; EBRT external beam radiation therapy; HRQoL health-related quality of life
aSymptom cluster was dichotomised into less than three symptoms (none, any one or any two of these three symptoms) vs all three symptoms
Logistic model for symptom cluster, goodness-of-fit test p = 1.000