Table 3.
Contrasts run in Experiment 3
| dV/hypothesis | Effect tested | F(1,405) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| False-claim inference scores | |||
| H1FISl+: NE < FCOl+ | Familiarity backfire effect | 0.06 | .810 |
| H1FISl-: NE < FCOl- | Familiarity backfire effect | 8.45 | .004ab |
| H7FIS: FCOl- < FCOl+ | Load effect on correction | 6.65 | .010a |
| False-claim belief ratings | |||
| H1FBRl-: NE < FCOl- | Familiarity backfire effect | 6.40 | .012ab |
| H1FBRl+: NE < FCOl+ | Familiarity backfire effect | 3.39 | .066b |
| H7FBR: FCOl- < FCOl+ | Load effect on correction | 0.45 | .501 |
| True-claim inference scores | |||
| H1TISl-: NE < FCOl- | Effect of affirmation vs. baseline | 19.21 | < .001a |
| H1TISl+: NE < FCOl+ | Effect of affirmation vs. baseline | 15.69 | < .001a |
| H7TIS: FCOl- > FCOl+ | Load effect on affirmation | 0.18 | .671 |
| True-claim belief ratings | |||
| H1TBRl-: NE < FCOl- | Effect of affirmation vs. baseline | 40.61 | < .001a |
| H1TBRl+: NE < FCOl+ | Effect of affirmation vs. baseline | 22.32 | < .001a |
| H7TBR: FCOl- > FCOl+ | Load effect on affirmation | 2.60 | .108 |
Note. Hypotheses are numbered H1 and H7 (primary hypotheses in bold; see text for details); subscripts FIS, TIS, FBR, and TBR refer to false-claim and true-claim inference scores and belief ratings, respectively; no-load and load conditions are indicated by l- and l+. Conditions are NE no-exposure; FCOl± fact-check-only with no load or with load. aindicates statistical significance (for secondary contrasts: after Holm-Bonferroni correction). bindicates effect in the opposite of hypothesized direction