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. 2020 Aug 25;10:14189. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71167-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Reduced aquaporin 4 (AQP4) protein levels in atrophied muscle following rotator cuff tear (RCT). (a) Reduced myofiber size in muscle injured by RCT. Magnified view of the H&E-stained muscle. Magnification, × 400. Scale bar, 50 μm. The yellow dotted line indicates the muscle myofiber. (b) Myofiber size in control (CTL) and RCT muscles. The size of each dotted area was measured using ImageJ software. *P < 0.05. (c) Western blot analyses for myosin heavy chain (MYH) protein expression between control and the injured muscle after RCT (n = 7 per group). Densitometric analyses of the western blots are shown in the graphs. Data represents mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05. (d) Reduced aquaporin 4 (AQP4) protein levels in atrophied muscle following RCT (n = 7 per group). Densitometric analyses of the western blots are shown on the right. Data represent means ± standard errors of the means. *P < 0.05. (e) Immunofluorescence microscopy analyses of muscle cells isolated at different stages after RCT (n = 3 per group). The green signal in each panel represents membranous AQP4 protein and the blue signal represents cell nuclei. Magnification, × 200. Scale bar, 100 μm.