Table 17.

Genotoxicity studies on MCCPs

Compound	Type of test	Experimental system	Exposure conditions	Result	Comments	Reference
C14–17, 40% chlorination	Reverse mutation assay	S. Typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538	Up to 5,000 μg/plate +/− S9	Negative	No data presented relating to positive controls No further details: the original study report was not available to the CONTAM Panel and the information could therefore not be verified	Wiegand (1989) As cited by EU‐RAR (2005)
C14–17, 42% chlorination	Reverse mutation assay	S. Typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538	Up to 5,000 μg/plate +/− S9	Negative	No further details: the original study report was not available to the CONTAM Panel and the information could therefore not be verified	Conz and Fumero (1988a) As cited by EU‐RAR (European Union‐Risk Assessment Report) (2011) and WHO/IPCS (1996)
C14–17, 45% chlorination	Reverse mutation assay	S. Typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 1538	Up to 5,000 μg/plate +/− S9	Negative	No further details: the original study report was not available to the CONTAM Panel and the information could therefore not be verified	Elliott (1989a) As cited by EU‐RAR (European Union‐Risk Assessment Report) (2011) and WHO/IPCS (1996)
Cereclor S52 (C14–17, 52% chlorination) With or without 0.2% epoxidised vegetable oil stabiliser	Reverse mutation assay	S. Typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1538	4, 20, 100, 500, 2500 μg/plate +/− S9 (rat liver) Neg. control: DMSO Pos. control: 1,3‐propanesultone and 2AA	About a threefold increase in the number of revertants in TA 1538 (+ S9) only at the two lowest concentrations without stabiliser No increases under any other test conditions Negative	No cytotoxicity observed	Birtley et al. (1980)
Cereclor S52 (C14–17, 52% chlorination)	In vivo Chromosomal aberration Bone‐marrow cells	Male F344 rats	8 animals/group Gavage, daily for 5 days 0, 500, 1,500 or 5,000 mg/kg bw per day	No animals died and no signs of toxicity No increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations, including and excluding gaps detected in samples taken at day 6 Negative	– No other sampling times – Cytotoxicity not assessed and therefore no direct measure of whether or not the test substance reached the bone marrow	IRDC (1983 h) Unpublished study, see Documentation provided to EFSA
C14–17, 42% chlorination	In vivo Mouse micronucleus assay	Mice (CD‐1)	5 animals/sex Gavage, single dose 5,000 mg/kg bw Neg. control: corn oil	Frequency of micronuclei not increased when examined at 18, 43 and 66 hours after administration Negative	No further details: the original study report was not available to the CONTAM Panel and the information could therefore not be verified	Conz and Fumero (1988b) As cited by EU‐RAR (European Union‐Risk Assessment Report) (2011) and WHO/IPCS (1996)
C14–17, 45% chlorination	In vivo Mouse micronucleus assay	Mice (C57B1/6JFCD‐1/Alpk)	5 animals/sex per group Gavage, single dose 0, 3,125, 5,000 mg/kg bw Examination at 24, 48 and 72 h after administration (high‐dose), or 24 h after administration (low dose)	No increases in micronucleus formation Negative	No further details: the original study report was not available to the CONTAM Panel and the information could therefore not be verified	Elliott (1989b) As cited by EU‐RAR (2011) and WHO/IPCS (1996)

bw: body weight.