Table 1.
Summary of demographic, clinical and phobic reactivity data for participant groups.
| Characteristic | Controls | bvFTD | svPPA | nfvPPA | AD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General clinical | |||||
| No. (female: male) | 25:30 | 13:33 | 9:11 | 12:13 | 15:14 |
| Age, years | 64.9 (7.3) | 64.5 (6.3) | 65.8 (7.1) | 69.3 (7.7) | 70.9 (7.8)b,c |
| Symptom duration, years | NA | 6.8 (4.7) | 5.5 (2.3) | 4.8 (4.5) | 6.7 (3.4) |
| MMSE (/30) | 29.4 (.9)a | 24.2 (5.6)b | 23.7 (6.0)b | 20.8 (7.9)b,c | 19.2 (6.0)b,c |
| General neuropsychiatric symptomsd | |||||
| Apathy, n (%) | 2 (4.9)a | 37 (88.1)b | 9 (47.4)b,c | 14 (60.9)b,c | 20 (69.0)b |
| Hallucinations, n (%) | 0 | 11 (26.2) | 1 (5.3) | 0 | 4 (13.8) |
| Delusions, n (%) | 0 | 17 (40.5) | 4 (21.1) | 3 (13.0)c | 4 (13.8)c |
| Anxiety, n (%) | 3 (7.3)a | 19 (45.2)b | 11 (57.9)b | 17 (73.9)b,c | 16 (55.2)b |
| Agitation, n (%) | 0 | 16 (38.1) | 4 (21.1) | 3 (13.0)c | 2 (6.9)c |
| Altered self-boundaries, n (%) | 0 | 9 (37.5) | 5 (26.3) | 3 (15) | 3 (10.3)c |
| Phobic reactivity | |||||
| Altered phobic reactions (any), n (%): | 2 (3.6) | 8 (17.4) | 3 (15) | 3 (12) | 1 (3.5) |
| OR (95% CI) versus healthy controlse | NA | 5.6 (1.1–28.2)b | 4.6 (.7–30.0) | 3.1 (.5–20.4) | .8 (.1–9.2) |
| Acquired new phobia, n (%) | 0 | 4 (8.7) | 2 (10) | 2 (8) | 0 |
| Loss of previous phobia, n (%) | 2 (3.6) | 4 (8.7) | 1 (5) | 1 (4) | 1 (3.5) |
Mean (SD) values are shown unless otherwise indicated. Key: asignificantly different from disease groups, p < .05; bsignificantly different from healthy control group, p < .05; csignificantly different from bvFTD group, p < .05; dof any severity (see text and Table S1); elogistic regression adjusted for age and gender; AD, patient group with typical Alzheimer's disease; bvFTD, patient group with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia; CI, 95% confidence interval; Controls, healthy control group; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination score; NA, not applicable; nfvPPA, patient group with non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation; svPPA, patient group with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia.