Table B.1.
Details on the designs of the studies conducted with glutamine in weaned piglets
| Source | Basal diet | CP (%) Gln/Glu | Gln suppl. (%) | animals/replicate Replicates/treatment | Initial body weight (kg) start day of life Duration of study (d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wu et al., 1996. Study 2 | Maize, soybean meal, soybean oil, Gln at expense of starch |
21.1 2.0/1.9 |
0 1 |
5 2 |
– 21 14 |
| Wu et al., 1996. Study 3 | Maize, soybean meal, soybean oil, Gln at expense of starch |
21.1 2.0/1.9 |
0 0.2 0.6 1 |
2 5 |
– 21 14 |
| Kitt et al. (2003)1 | Maize, lactose, sucrose, maize oil, Gln at expense of maize. |
– 10.8 Glx2 |
0 5 |
12 1 |
– 20 14 |
| Domeneguini et al. (2004) | Maize, soybean meal, barley, whey powder, wheat bran, milk powder, soybean oil |
18.1 1.8/1.3 |
0 0.5 |
4 1 |
5 21 28 |
| Yi et al. (2005)3 | Maize, soybean meal, dried whey, fish meal Gln at expense of starch |
21.0 – |
0 2 |
4 10 |
5.3 17 14 |
| Domeneguini et al. (2006) | Maize, soybean meal, barley, whey, wheat bran and milk powder |
18.8 1.8/1.3 |
0 0.5 |
4 2 |
5.0 21 28 |
| Lee et al., 2003. Study 1 | Maize, soybean meal, soy protein and whey, Gln at expense of starch |
23.7 1.9/1.8 |
0 0.5 1 1.5 |
4 3 |
6.0 21 28 |
| Lee et al., 2003. Study 2 | Maize, soybean meal, soy protein and whey, Gln at expense of starch |
23.7 1.9/1.8 |
0 0.5 1 1.5 |
4 3 |
– 21 14 |
| Hsu et al. (2010) | Maize, soybean meal, dried skim milk, whey |
20.3 2/1.8 |
1 2 |
4 4 |
6.7 28 21 |
| Cabrera et al. (2013)4 | Maize, soybean meal, choice white grease. Gln at expense of maize |
20‐22 1.7‐1.9/1.7‐2 |
0 1 |
24 6 |
6.5 – 42 |
| He et al. (2016a) | Maize, soya bean meal, fish meal, rice bran |
20.0 1.6/1.7 |
0 1 |
1 7 |
6.0 28 28 |
| He et al. (2016b) | Maize, soybean meal, extruded maize, fish meal and soybean oil. Gln at expense of maize |
19.4 1.6/1.7 |
0 1 |
10 5 |
9 31 28 |
| Johnson and Lay (2017) | Maize, soybean meal, dried whey, soybean oil |
22.8 1.5/– |
0 0.2 |
20 1 |
5.5 18 14 |
| Duttlinger et al. (2019)5 | Nursery: Maize, dried whey, soybean meal, soybean oil, fish meal |
24‐21 1.5/‐ |
0 0.2 |
10 8 |
5.6 18 14 |
On day 7 of the study, the animals were challenged with lypolysaccharides from E. coli. The study considered the effects of challenging and glutamine supplementation.
Only the sum of Gln and Glu was available, expressed as Glx.
The trial included a challenge of the piglets on day 11 of study with Escherichia coli K88+. The study followed an incomplete design with two control groups with/without challenge, but glutamine treatment was considered only in challenged animals.
The study considered the effect of glutamine when administered prior to weaning and the effect of glutamine after weaning.
The study considered a challenge with 12 h transport and a follow up period until the slaughter age.