Table 1.
Overview of LSD vaccination and surveillance activities in South‐East European countries
| Albania | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Bulgaria | Croatia | Greece | Kosovo* | Montenegro | North Macedonia | Serbia | Turkey | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LSD spread |
Years with outbreaks1 (No of outbreaks per year) |
2016 (250) 2017 (50) |
never | 2016 (217) | Never |
2015 (117) 2016 (104) 2017 (2) |
2016 (46/1415) | 2016 (436) |
2016 (1454) 2017 (4) |
2016 (225) |
2013–current 2016 (106) 2017(14) 2018 (46) 2019 (169) |
| Vaccination | Years under Vaccination |
2016 2017 2018 2019 |
2017 2018 |
2016 2017 2018 2019 |
2016 2017 |
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 |
2016 2017 2018 2019 |
2016 2017 2018 2019 |
2016 2017 2018 2019 |
2016 2017 2018 2019 |
2013–current |
| Type of Vaccines | Live homologous | Live homologous | Live homologous | Live homologous | Live homologous | Live homologous | Live homologous | Live homologous | Live homologous | Live heterologous (sheep pox strain, 3–5 times dose) | |
| Commercial Names |
Lumpy Skin Disease (OBP) Lumpyvax (MSD) |
Lumpy Skin Disease (OBP) Lumpyvax (MSD) |
Lumpy Skin Disease (OBP) Lumpyvax (MSD) BovivaxLSD‐N |
Lumpy Skin Disease (OBP) Lumpyvax (MSD) | Lumpy Skin Disease (OBP) Lumpyvax (MSD) | Lumpy Skin Disease (OBP) | Lumpy Skin Disease (OBP) | Lumpy Skin Disease (OBP) Lumpyvax (MSD) |
Lumpy Skin Disease (OBP) Bovivax LSD‐N |
Penpox‐M (PVCI) Poxdoll (Dollvet) Poxvac (Vetal) |
|
| Area of Vaccination | Whole country | High risk areas (border area with Serbia and Montenegro) | Whole country | Whole country | Whole country | Whole country | Whole country | Whole country | Whole country | Whole country | |
| Plan for 2020 | To be continued in whole country | No vaccination | To be continued in whole country | No vaccination | To be continued in the whole country | To be stopped | To be stopped | To be stopped | Partially continued | To be continued in the whole country | |
|
Passive Surveillance |
Present or not | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Area of implementation | Whole country | Whole country | Whole country | Whole country | Whole country | Whole country | Whole country | Whole country | Whole country | Whole country | |
| Active Risk based Surveillance | Present or not | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes |
| Area of implementation | Previous affected areas | The whole country | High risk area Konavle, Neretva |
North Greece Islands opposite Turkey |
– | – | – | – |
|
||
| Clinical examination | Yes | Yes, In case of suspicion | Yes | Yes | – | – | – | – | Yes | ||
| Serological tests | No | No | Yes | No | – | – | – | – | No | ||
| Virological tests | No | Yes, In case of suspicion | Yes for the seropositive | Yes for the suspicions | – | – | – | – | No | ||
| Active surveillance in the framework of other programs | Present or not | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Context | – |
TB prog. BT prog. |
– |
slaughterhouses Brucellosis prog. TB prog. LSD vacc. prog. |
Brucellosis prog. TB prog. |
– |
LSD vacc. prog. TB prog. Brucellosis prog. |
– | – | ||
| Area of implementation | – |
border area (west‐southern part) The whole country |
– | Whole country | Whole country | – | Whole country | – | – | ||
| Clinical examination | – | Yes | – | Yes | No | – | Yes | – | – | ||
| Serological tests | – | No | – | No | Yes | – | Yes for the suspicions | – | – | ||
| Virological tests | – | Yes for the suspicions | – | Yes for the suspicions | Yes for the suspicions | – | Yes for the suspicions | – | – | ||
| Suspicions | Number of suspicions2 (herds per year) |
0 (2016) 345 (2017) 7 (2018) 0 (2019) |
2 (2016) 0 (2017) 0 (2018) 0 (2019) |
0 (2016) 0 (2017) 0 (2018) 0 (2019) |
5 (2016) 1 (2017) 3 (2018) 1 (2019) |
20 (2016) 3 (2017) 1 (2018) 3 (2019) |
0 (2016) 0 (2017) 0 (2018) 0 (2019) |
No data (2016) 9 (2017) 5 (2018) 1 (2019) |
In 2017, 15 farms suspected, all negative |
No data (2016‐2018) 1 (2019) |
295 (2016) 117 (2017) 166 (2018) 423 (2019) |
| Number of reactions to vaccination3 (herds per year) | No data |
0 (2016) 20 (2017) 0 (2018) 0(2019) |
0 (2016) 0 (2017) 0 (2018) 0 (2019) |
298 (2016) 389 (2017) 0 (2018) 0 (2019) |
2 (2016) 0 (2017) 0 (2018) 1 (2019) |
0 (2016) 0 (2017) 0 (2018) 0 (2019) |
No data | No data | No data |
0 (2016) 0 (2017) 0 (2018) 0 (2019) |
The number of outbreaks for Albania, Kosovo*, Montenegro and North Macedonia as reported in (EFSA, 2017). The number of outbreaks in Albania has been confirmed in January 2020 by the national authority.
The number of herds where there was a suspicion of LSD that turned to be negative after the laboratory investigation.
The number of herds where there was a suspicion of LSD and where the vaccine strain was then detected.