Table A.3.
Long list of bacteria, viruses and parasites as biological hazards and the result of the selection based on the two criteria: (1) evidence of causing human illness and being associated with fresh fishery products and (2) evidence of survival and/or growth within the range of −3°C to 7°C. Those included in the assessment are shown in bold
| Group of hazards | Hazard | Evidence of human illnessa | Reference | Evidence of G or S | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BACTERIA | Aeromonas spp. | Y | Morinaga et al. (2011) | G | Davies and Slade (1995), Carrascosa et al. (2014, 2016), Zhang et al. (2015c), Hoel et al. (2018) |
| B. cereus | Y | Hernando et al. (2007), Iwamoto et al. (2010), Domenech‐Sanchez et al. (2011) | N | ||
| Cl. botulinum (non proteolytic) | Y | Badhey et al. (1986), Telzak et al. (1990), Weber et al. (1993), Sobel et al. 2007), Horowitz (2010), Leclair et al. (2013), Walton et al. (2014) | G (evidence of toxin production) | Riedo et al. (1994), Betts and Gaze (1995), Farber et al. (2000), Miya et al. (2010), Lopez‐Valladares et al. (2014), Nakari et al. (2014), Lassen et al. (2016), Liu et al. (2016), Costa et al. (2019) | |
| Cl. perfringens | Y | Hewitt et al. (1986), Ciarrone et al. (1997) | N | ||
| L. monocytogenes | Y | Riedo et al. (1994), Farber et al. (2000), Tham et al. (2000), Nakari et al. (2014) | G | Eom et al. (2009), Lorentzen et al. (2010), Liu et al. (2016), Boulares et al. (2017) | |
| Pathogenic E. coli | Y | EFSA BIOHAZ Panel, (2013) | S | Masniyom et al. (2006), Jalali et al. (2016) | |
| Plesiomonas shigelloides | Y | Reilly and Kaferstein (1997), Stock (2004), Janda et al. (2016) | N | ||
| Salmonella spp. | Y | Iwamoto et al. (2010), Barrett et al. (2017), Hassan et al. (2018), Venkat et al. (2018) | S | Tassou et al. (2004), Norhana et al. (2010), Provincial et al. (2013b), Liu et al. (2016), Li et al. (2018), Pattanayaiying et al. (2019) | |
| Shigella spp | Y (weak) | Kumar et al. (2019) | N | ||
| St. aureus | Y | Wieneke et al. (1993), Gallina et al. (2013) | S | Poli et al. (2006), Binsi et al. (2015), Du et al. (2017) | |
| Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. | N | – | |||
| Vibrio spp. | Y | Finelli et al. (1992), Vandy et al. (2012), Martinez‐Urtaza et al. (2016), Jung (2018), Kim et al. (2018) | S b | Reily and Hackney (1985), Corrales et al. (1994), Wong et al. (1995), Magalhaes et al. (2000), Johnston and Brown (2002), Vasudevan et al. (2002), Januario and Dykes (2005), Vasudevan and Venkitanarayanan (2006), Provincial et al. (2013a), Gui et al. (2014), Wang et al. (2014), Zhang et al. (2015d), Pattanayaiying et al. (2019), Telli and Dogruer (2019) | |
| Y. enterocolitica | N | – | |||
| VIRUSES | NoV | Y | Barrett et al. (2017), Elbashir et al. (2018), Hardstaff et al. (2018) | N | |
| HAV | Y | Elbashir et al. (2018) | N | ||
| HEV | Y (weak) | Sridhar et al. (2017) | N | ||
| PARASITES | Cestodes | Y | Iwamoto et al. (2010) | N | |
| Nematodes | Y | Iwamoto et al. (2010) | S c | Pascual et al. (2010) | |
| Trematodes | Y | Iwamoto et al. (2010) | N | ||
| Giardia | Y | Iwamoto et al. (2010) | N | ||
| Cryptosporidium | N | – | |||
| Toxoplasma | N | – |
G: growth; S: survival.
The note ‘weak’ (evidence) was included for cases in which: a) the hazard was detected in outbreaks/cases‐related food together with other microorganisms, or b) mixed food that included seafood components where reported as a possible outbreak/case source, or c) contamination was reported as probably associated with food manipulation or cross‐contamination from other foods.
Predominant condition according to literature review.
Data related to Anisakis spp.