Table TableD.1.

Summary of food‐borne outbreaks (FBOs) in the EU/EEA where frozen vegetables were implicated as reported in EFSA's zoonoses database (2005–2018)

Year	Causative agent	Countrya	Number of human cases	Number of hospitalised cases	Number of deaths	Food vehicleb	Blanchedc	Place of exposured	Contributory factorh	Nature of evidence
2009	Staphylococcus aureus	BE	14	0	0	Frozen beans	Probably	School or kindergartene	Storage t/T abuse	Laboratory detection in implicated food
2015	Clostridium perfringens	DE	3	0	0	Frozen onions	Likely not	Canteen or workplace cateringf	Inadequate chilling	Detection of causative agent in food vehicle or its component – Symptoms and onset of illness pathognomonic to causative agent
2018	Listeria monocytogenes	DK	4	4	0	Frozen corn and other frozen vegetables	Yes	Multiple places of exposure in more than one countryg	Unprocessed contaminated ingredient	Detection of causative agent in food vehicle or its component – Detection of indistinguishable causative agent in humans; Detection of causative agent in food chain or its environment – Detection of indistinguishable causative agent in humans; Descriptive epidemiological evidence
2018	Listeria monocytogenes	FI	30	30	3	Frozen corn	Yes	Multiple places of exposure in more than one countryf	Inadequate heat treatment before consumption	Product‐tracing investigations; Descriptive environmental evidence; Detection of causative agent in food vehicle or its component – Detection of indistinguishable causative agent in humans; Descriptive epidemiological evidence
2018	Listeria monocytogenes	UK	12	12	2	Frozen sweetcorn	Yes	Multiple places of exposure in more than one countryf	Inadequate heat treatment before consumption	Detection of causative agent in food vehicle or its component – Detection of indistinguishable causative agent in humans; Descriptive epidemiological evidence

FBOs: food‐borne outbreaks; t/T: time/Temperature.

^aBE: Belgium; DE: Germany; DK: Denmark; FI: Finland; UK: the United Kingdom.

^bFood (or foodstuff) that is suspected of causing human cases.

^cBased on Appendix A and the draft PROFEL guidelines (PROFEL, 2019).

^dThis is the location (‘setting’) where the food was consumed or where the final stages of preparation of the food vehicle took place.

^eThis is also the place of origin of the problem.

^fThe place of origin of the problem is not reported.

^gThe place of origin of the problem is a processing plant.

^hFault or circumstance that singly or in combination led to the FBO.