Ref.	Experimental test system (aim of the study)	Test substance/relevance	Exposure conditions	Results	Comments/reliability	Relevance of the results
Aggarwal et al. (2016)	S. Typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 TA1537	Curcuminoids‐essential oil complex (CEC, with 95% curcuminoid complex), provided by Arjuna Natural Extracts Ltd. (Aluva, India), highly bioavailable (sevenfold higher than normal curcumin) Relevance: high vehicle DMSO	Plate incorporation assay (+/− rat liver S9) five doses tested, from 1,000 to 5,000 μg/plate	No treatment‐related increase in revertant colonies Adequate response of positive controls Negative	Reliable with restriction (According to OECD TG 471 (1997), however, not all results reported in detail, unclear if triplicate plates, enzyme induction not reported, only one experiment)	Limited
Damarla et al. (2018)	S. Typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535, TA1537	Synthetic curcumin (99.4% purity) manufactured by Laurus Labs (Visakhapatnam, India), batch 25027‐1VSP10410915 (August 2015) Relevance: High vehicle DMSO	Plate incorporation assay, triplicate (+/− rat liver S9) Preliminary assay (TA98 and TA100): eight doses tested (from 1.6–5,000 μg/plate), precipitation observed at 5,000 μg/plate five doses tested, from 5.0 to 1,600 μg/plate	No treatment‐related increase in revertant colonies Adequate response of positive controls Negative	GLP compliant Reliable with minor restriction (According to OECD TG 471 (1997), however, not reported if liver enzymes were induced, only one experiment)	High to limited
Jensen (1982)	S. Typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535	Curcumin (powder with 90 ± 2.5% curcumin) Turmeric oleoresin (curcumin content about 20%) Relevance: high (powder), low (oleoresin) vehicle DMSO	Preliminary assay (TA100): six doses tested (1.28–20,000 μg/plate), toxicity observed at 160 μg/plate for both test items five doses tested, from 1.28 to 160 μg/plate, five parallel plates (+/− rat liver S9), tests were performed twice	No treatment‐related increase in revertant colonies for both test items Adequate response of positive controls Negative	According to Ames et al. (1975) as referenced by Jensen (1982) pre‐OECD Reliable with restriction (only three strains used, not reported if liver enzymes were induced) Evaluated by JECFA, FAS 17 as negative	Limited
Liju et al. (2015)	S. Typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA102	Curcumagalactomannosides (CGM), a water soluble formulation containing 40.2% curcumin Manufactured by Akay Flavours & Aromatics Pvt Ltd (Kerala, India) from commercial curcumin (95%) Relevance: limited vehicle DMSO	Plate incorporation assay, triplicate (+/− rat liver S9) five doses tested, from 100 to 5,000 μg/plate	No treatment‐related increase in revertant colonies Adequate response of positive controls Negative	According to Ames et al. (1975) as referenced in Liju et al. (2015) OECD TG 471 not mentioned Reliable with restriction (only three strains used, not reported if liver enzymes were induced, only one experiment)	Limited
Nagabhushan and Bhide (1986)	S. Typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1538 Aim of the study: mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of different test items	Alcoholic extract of fresh or dried turmeric extract (10 g in 100 mL alcohol) Individual components (I‐III) separated Pyrolysed products (10 mg each of turmeric powder and curcumin suspended in 5 mL water and kept at 160°C for 1 h) Relevance: limited (individual components, identity unclear)	Pre‐incubation assay: one dose tested of each test item, 50 μL corresponding to 360 μg/plate (fresh turmeric extract), 250 μg/plate (dried turmeric extract), 200 μg/plate (pyrolysed products) Individual components (I‐III) tested in TA100 and TA98 at four doses (60.2–500 μg/plate) (+/− rat liver S9) Antimutagenicity tested (interaction with chili extract and capsaicin) in TA98 with S9	No increase in revertant colonies for fresh and dried turmeric extracts, pyrolysed turmeric and curcumin at the dose tested No treatment‐related increase in revertant colonies for the three individual components Adequate response of positive controls Negative With S9 in TA98, dose‐dependent decrease of mutagenicity of chili extract and capsaicin	According to Ames et al. (1975), as referenced in Shah and Netrawali (1988), OECD TG 471 not mentioned Reliable with restriction (only four strains used, only one concentration tested, only two plates per concentration, identity of the test substances unclear) Evaluated by JECFA, FAS 35 as negative for mutagenicity	Limited
Nagabhushan et al. (1987)	S. Typhimurium TA98 and TA100 Aim of the study: antimutagenicity of curcumin	Curcumin (Sigma Chemical Co., purity > 94%) Relevance: high vehicle DMSO	Antimutagenicity of curcumin tested against bidi smoke condensate, cigarette smoke condensate, tobacco and masheri extracts, B[a]P and B[a]anthracene: 50 μL curcumin + 50 μL mutagen (+/− rat liver S9) Five curcumin doses tested (0‐250 μg/plate)	Curcumin inhibited mutagenicity in a dose‐dependent manner, only in the presence of S9 mix	According to Ames et al. (1975), OECD TG 471 not mentioned Antimutagenicity only Limited number of strain tested Evaluated by JECFA, FAS 35	Low
Nagabhushan and Bhide (1987)	S. Typhimurium TA98 Aim of the study: antimutagenicity of turmeric extract	Alcoholic extract of turmeric (10 g powder in 100 mL) The extract dried under vacuum contains 40% curcumin Relevance: limited vehicle DMSO	Antimutagenicity of turmeric extract against benzo(a)pyrene and dimethylbenzanthracene (B[a]p and DMBA): 50 μL curcumin + 50 μL mutagen (+/− rat liver S9)	The alcoholic extract of turmeric inhibited mutagenicity of B[a]P and DMBA in strain TA98 and with S9 mix, in a dose‐dependent manner (50% inhibition at 125 μg/plate, 75% at 500 μg/plate)	According to Ames et al. (1975), OECD TG 471 not mentioned Antimutagenicity only Only one strain and only one dose tested Evaluated by JECFA, FAS 35	Low
NTP (1993)	S. Typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1538	Turmeric oleoresin with a high curcumin content (79‐85%) CAS No. 8024‐37‐1 Relevance: high vehicle DMSO	Pre‐incubation assay (+/− rat liver S9) Five doses tested, up to 333 μg/plate, selection of the highest dose based on toxicity observed at higher doses	No treatment‐related increase in revertant colonies Adequate response of positive controls Negative	According to Mortelmans et al. (1986) as referenced by NTP (1993) OECD TG 471 not mentioned Reliable with minor restriction (only four strains tested) Evaluated by JECFA, FAS 35 as negative	High to limited
Ravikumar et al. (2018)	S. Typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, E.coli WP2uvrA	CuroWhite (Aurea Biolabs, Ltd., Kerala, India), defined as 25–27% standardised hydrogenated curcumin powder. Obtained from turmeric rhizome powder by extraction, hydrogenation, encapsulation with beta‐cyclodextrin and spray drying Relevance: limited vehicle DMSO	Preliminary solubility test (1,000–5,000 μg/plate): test item soluble in DMSO only Preliminary cytotoxicity test (50–5,000 μg/plate) (+/‐ rat liver S9) Plate incorporation and pre‐incubation assay, each in triplicate Seven doses tested (62–5,000 μg/plate) (+/− rat liver S9)	No treatment‐related increase in revertant colonies Adequate response of positive controls Historical control range given Negative	GLP compliant According to OECD TG 471 (1997) Reliable without restriction	Limited
Shah and Netrawali (1988)	S. Typhimurium TA98, TA100 and TA97a	Ethanol soluble extract obtained from turmeric powder of dry rhizhome (100 g in 400 mL ethanol/water 70/30, v/v), curcumin content: 33–35% Relevance: limited Vehicle ethanol	Plate incorporation assay (+/− rat liver S9) Three doses tested 50, 100 and 200 μg/plate corresponding to 17.5, 35, 50 μg curcumin/plate), five replicates of four separate experiments (each dose)	No treatment‐related increase in revertant colonies Adequate response of positive controls Negative	According to Ames et al. (1975), Shah and Netrawali (1988), OECD TG 471 not mentioned Reliable with restriction (only three strains tested, only three concentrations) Evaluated by JECFA, FAS 35 as negative	Limited
Sivaswamy et al. (1991)	S. Typhimurium TA1535, TA1537, TA1538	Food item (turmeric, source, characterisation not available) Relevance: very low vehicle DMSO	Two doses tested (50 and 100 μg/plate)	Turmeric was not mutagenic Negative	Not reliable (limited information, only summary report, only three strains, only two concentrations, negative controls resulted in unusually high revertant frequencies) Evaluated by JECFA, FAS 35 as negative (weak positive at 50 μg/plate)	Low
Spalding (1983) unpublished report (NIH)	S. Typhimurium TA98, TA100,TA1535, TA1537	Turmeric oleoresin Relevance: low	+/− rat liver S9	Not mutagenic Negative	Not reliable (paper could not be retrieved, limited information) Evaluated by JECFA, FAS 21 as negative	Low
Srividya et al. (2013)	S. Typhimurium TA98 and TA100	Curcumin (Sami labs, India, purity not specified) and 50% hydro alcoholic extracts from Curcuma aromatica and Curcuma zedoaria Relevance: limited	One dose tested (50 μg/mL), triplicate experiments (+/− rat liver S9)	Slight increase in revertant colonies compared to control (not significant) Adequate response of positive controls Negative	Not reliable (test carried out with modifications (Meshram et al., 1992, as referenced in Srividya et al., 2013), only two strains, only one concentration, negative controls resulted in low revertant frequencies, test items poorly described)	Low