Ref.	Experimental test system (aim of the study)	Test substance	Exposure conditions	Result	Comments	Relevance of the results
Nair et al. (2005)	Lipid peroxidation (LPO)‐induced‐ethano‐DNA adducts Long‐Evans Cinnamom (LEC) rats, model for Wilson's disease, 4 week old Males (52 animals, 2 groups, treated and control) Aim of the study: investigation of synergistic role of copper and curcumin in LEC rats, a model for human Wilson's disease	Curcumin (95%, Schuschardt, Germany) Negative control: standard diet Relevance: high	One doses tested: 0.5% curcumin added to standard diet, animals (n) killed after 6 (4), 8(4), 12 (6), 16 (4) and 32 (8) weeks Parameters: etheno‐DNA adducts (to adenine and cytidine) in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, apoptosis, CD95L RNA expression, GSH and GSSG, liver enzymes (ASAT, ALAT), Cu and Fe	The levels of adducts is higher in mitochondrial DNA compared to nuclear DNA Curcumin treatment increased the levels of adducts 10–20 times in nuclear DNA and 3–4 times in mitochondrial DNA Positive	The enhanced formation of etheno‐DNA adducts after treatment of the rats with curcumin is due to the concurrent effect of copper and curcumin in the formation of ROS Evaluated by EFSA, 2010 as positive (exposure to 0.5% curcumin (95% purity) in the diet enhanced etheno‐DNA adduct formation 9‐ to 25‐fold in nuclear DNA and three‐ to fourfold in mitochondrial DNA. LEC rats are a model for human Wilson's disease and develop chronic hepatitis and liver tumours owing to accumulation of copper and induced oxidative stress)	Limited
Polasa et al. (1991)	Urinary mutagens Wistar rats, 8–10 weeks old Males, 6–8 rats per group (Exp. 1: 8 groups, Exp. 2: 5 groups, Exp. 3: 6 groups) Aim of the study: In vivo model to test antimutagenicity	Turmeric sticks (from the local market), powdered and incorporated into standard diet Relevance: low Vehicle: groundnut oil Carcinogens: benzo[a]pyrene (Ba[a]P) and 3‐methyl cholanthrenene (3‐MC)	Several doses tested: Exp.1 (0, 1, 5 and 10% turmeric), Exp. 2 and 3 (0, 0.1 and 0.5% turmeric) curcumin added to standard diet for 1, 2 or 3 months, then i.p. administration of Ba[a]P (1 or 5 mg) or 3‐MC (1 or 5 mg) Urine collected for 24 h Mutagenicity assay on urine (TA100 and TA98), +/− rat liver S9	Turmeric fed at 0.5% and above inhibited B[a]P and 3 MC‐mediated mutagenicity	Antimutagenicity only Evaluated by JECFA FAS 35	Low