Table 3.

Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showing an association between high internalized stigma and associated factors among patients with major depressive disorder visiting adult outpatient department at Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019 (n = 415).

Explanatory variables	High internalized stigma		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	p value
	Yes	No
Sex
Female	91	129	2.16 (1.42, 3.29)	1.70 (0.96, 3.01)
Male	48	147	1	1
Marital status
Married	40	147	1	1
Single	61	75	2.99 (1.84, 4.86)	2.54 (1.30, 4.95)	0.006
Divorced/widowed	38	54	2.59 (1.50, 4.45)	1.57 (0.79, 3.10)
Occupational status
Employed	35	80	1	1
Merchant	24	54	1.016 (0.54, 1.89)	1.07 (0.47, 2.45)
Farmer	14	43	0.74 (0.36, 1.53)	1.08 (0.42, 2.80)
Jobless	53	59	2.05 (1.19, 3.54)	1.11 (0.47, 2.59)
Others	13	40	0.743 (0.35, 1.56)	0.70 (0.25, 1.98)
Income
<1627 ETB (<57$)	108	170	2.17 (1.36, 3.47)	1.06 (0.51, 2.20)
≥1627 ETB (≥57$)	31	106	1	1
Duration of illness
<2 years	21	102	1	1
≥2 years	118	174	3.29 (1.95, 5.57)	3.21 (1.66, 6.19)	0.001
Comorbid physical illness
Yes	43	62	1.55 (1.01, 2.42)	1.18 (0.65, 2.14)
No	96	214	1	1
Suicidal attempt
Yes	73	70	3.26 (2.12, 5)	2.33 (1.35, 3.99)	0.002
No	66	206	1	1
Adherence to treatment
Nonadherent	65	43	4.76 (2.98, 7.58)	2.93 (1.62, 5.29)	<0.001
Adherent	74	233	1	1
Objective severity
Mild	40	106	1	1
Moderate	78	151	1.37 (0.86, 2.16)	1.20 (0.68, 2.14)
Severe	21	19	2.93 (1.42, 6.01)	2.54 (0.95, 6.77)
Social support
Poor	91	75	5.23 (2.66, 10.28)	4.72 (2.09, 10.64)	<0.001
Moderate	35	145	1.04 (0.51, 2.11)	1.00 (0.43, 2.36)
Strong	13	56	1	1
Quality of life
Poor	96	110	3.37 (2.19, 5.19)	3.16 (1.82, 5.49)	<0.001
Good	43	166	1	1

Others: students, housewives, and daily laborers; chi‐square = 4.583; df = 8; Hosmer and Lemeshow test = 0.801.