Table 2.
Sociodemographic, clinical, and biological measurements data summary for patients with diabetes, in 2016, having a low-to-moderate health care services consumption.
| Characteristic | Overall (n=311,168) | Relatively low contacts | Low and scheduled visits | Measured human contacts | |||||||||||
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Tech-based (n=35,719) | Non–clinic-based (n=34,060) | Moderate nonvisiting services (n=49,540) | Low balance use (n=41,735) | Nonplanners (n=22,275) | Nursing-based contacts (n=29,197) | ||||||||
| Gender, n (%) |
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Female | 156,269 (50.2) | 15,669 (43.9) | 17,173 (50.4) | 24,609 (49.7) | 22,525 (54.0) | 11,264 (50.6) | 15,463 (53.0) | |||||||
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Male | 154,899 (49.8) | 20,050 (56.1) | 16,887 (49.6) | 24,931 (50.3) | 19,210 (46.0) | 11,011 (49.4) | 13,734 (47.0) | |||||||
| Age in years, median (IQRa) | 68 (60-77) | 60 (51-68) | 69 (61-79) | 67 (60-76) | 70 (62-78) | 68 (60-76) | 70 (62-79) | ||||||||
| Immigrant, n (%) |
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No | 152,533 (49.0) | 23,602 (66.1) | 18,712 (54.9) | 21,710 (43.8) | 15,921 (38.1) | 14,504 (65.1) | 16,085 (55.1) | |||||||
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Yes | 158,635 (51.0) | 12,117 (33.9) | 15,348 (45.1) | 27,830 (56.2) | 25,814 (61.9) | 7771 (34.9) | 13,112 (44.9) | |||||||
| Ethnicity, n (%) |
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General | 242,022 (77.8) | 24,232 (67.8) | 23,486 (69.0) | 41,613 (84.0) | 34,218 (82.0) | 12,456 (55.9) | 19,899 (68.2) | |||||||
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Arab | 60,619 (19.5) | 10,534 (29.5) | 9884 (29.0) | 6140 (12.4) | 6015 (14.4) | 9441 (42.4) | 8599 (29.5) | |||||||
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Ultra-Orthodox | 8527 (2.7) | 953 (2.7) | 690 (2.0) | 1787 (3.6) | 1502 (3.6) | 378 (1.7) | 699 (2.4) | |||||||
| SESb, n (%) |
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High | 97,556 (31.4) | 10,444 (29.2) | 10,740 (31.5) | 15,873 (32.0) | 11,897 (28.5) | 6111 (27.4) | 7304 (25.0) | |||||||
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Medium | 126,057 (40.5) | 12,458 (34.9) | 11,629 (34.1) | 22,136 (44.7) | 18,920 (45.3) | 6016 (27.0) | 10,842 (37.1) | |||||||
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Low | 83,677 (26.9) | 12,479 (34.9) | 11,238 (33.0) | 11,138 (22.5) | 10,568 (25.3) | 9669 (43.4) | 10,158 (34.8) | |||||||
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N/Ac | 3878 (1.2) | 338 (0.9) | 453 (1.3) | 393 (0.8) | 350 (0.8) | 479 (2.2) | 893 (3.1) | |||||||
| BMI, n (%) |
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Obese | 122,984 (39.5) | 10,395 (29.1) | 11,453 (33.6) | 19,181 (38.7) | 17,280 (41.4) | 9830 (44.1) | 13,210 (45.2) | |||||||
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Overweight | 107,793 (34.6) | 10,125 (28.3) | 10,406 (30.6) | 17,740 (35.8) | 15,549 (37.3) | 7845 (35.2) | 10,355 (35.5) | |||||||
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Normal | 47,193 (15.2) | 4635 (13.0) | 4416 (13.0) | 7760 (15.7) | 6748 (16.2) | 2985 (13.4) | 4481 (15.3) | |||||||
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Underweight | 1255 (0.4) | 124 (0.3) | 104 (0.3) | 192 (0.4) | 162 (0.4) | 76 (0.3) | 146 (0.5) | |||||||
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Unavailable | 31,943 (10.3) | 10,440 (29.2) | 7681 (22.6) | 4667 (9.4) | 1996 (4.8) | 1539 (6.9) | 1005 (3.4) | |||||||
| Smoking status, n (%) |
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Nonsmoker | 136,815 (44.0) | 16,116 (45.1) | 13,359 (39.2) | 21,896 (44.2) | 19,062 (45.7) | 9622 (43.2) | 12,928 (44.3) | |||||||
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Past smoker | 67,300 (21.6) | 6294 (17.6) | 6249 (18.3) | 10,050 (20.3) | 8434 (20.2) | 5061 (22.7) | 6481 (22.2) | |||||||
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Current smoker | 43,190 (13.9) | 7064 (19.8) | 4259 (12.5) | 7649 (15.4) | 5546 (13.3) | 2959 (13.3) | 3765 (12.9) | |||||||
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Unavailable | 63,863 (20.5) | 6245 (17.5) | 10,193 (29.9) | 9945 (20.1) | 8693 (20.8) | 4633 (20.8) | 6023 (20.6) | |||||||
| ACGd, median (IQR) | 4 (3-5) | 3 (2-4) | 3 (3-4) | 4 (3-4) | 4 (4-5) | 4 (4-5) | 4 (4-5) | ||||||||
| HbA1ce (mmol/mol) |
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n (%) | 27,3491 (87.9) | 22,748 (63.3) | 27,951 (82.1) | 43,651 (88.1) | 39,015 (93.5) | 20,687 (92.9) | 23,249 (93.3) | |||||||
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Mean (SD) | 7.19 (1.46) | 7.31 (1.73) | 7.16 (1.39) | 7.22 (1.47) | 7.15 (1.41) | 7.22 (1.45) | 7.39 (1.57) | |||||||
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) |
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n (%) | 282,583 (90.8) | 24,541 (68.7) | 29,139 (85.6) | 45,069 (91.0) | 40,035 (95.9) | 21,306 (95.6) | 27,832 (95.3) | |||||||
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Mean (SD) | 167.78 (41.08) | 186.01 (43.7) | 167.41 (39.5) | 169.09 (40.8) | 167.25 (40.05) | 166.54 (40.01) | 164.40 (40.47) | |||||||
| Adherence, n (%) |
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Not treated | 65,873 (21.2) | 14,213 (39.8) | 7078 (20.8) | 9126 (18.4) | 7246 (17.4) | 4004 (18.0) | 5475 (18.8) | |||||||
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0% | 10,501 (3.4) | 2601 (7.3) | 729 (2.1) | 1731 (3.5) | 1254 (3.0) | 710 (3.2) | 792 (2.7) | |||||||
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1%-19% | 11,990 (3.9) | 2141 (6.0) | 804 (2.4) | 1794 (3.6) | 1691 (4.1) | 1034 (4.6) | 1229 (4.2) | |||||||
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20%-39% | 17,573 (5.6) | 3195 (8.9) | 1312 (3.9) | 2903 (5.9) | 2497 (6.0) | 1350 (6.1) | 1583 (5.4) | |||||||
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40%-59% | 27,107 (8.7) | 3502 (9.8) | 2538 (7.5) | 4823 (9.7) | 3987 (9.6) | 1907 (8.6) | 2411 (8.3) | |||||||
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60%-79% | 31,447 (10.1) | 3104 (8.7) | 3168 (9.3) | 5350 (10.8) | 4690 (11.2) | 2236 (10.0) | 3031 (10.4) | |||||||
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≥80% | 146,677 (47.1) | 6963 (19.5) | 18,431 (54.1) | 23,813 (48.1) | 20,370 (48.8) | 11,034 (49.5) | 14,676 (50.3) | |||||||
aIQR: interquartile range.
bSES: socioeconomic status.
cN/A: not applicable.
dACG: adjusted clinical group.
eHbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.