Table 5.
Multivariate regression of PREMa scores.
| Model | Overall quality | Log-problem score | Negative experience score | Any negative experience | |||||||
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Ordered logit | Robustb | Robust | Logistic | |||||||
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β | P value | β | P value | β | P value | β | P value | ||
| eHEALSc,d |
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Second quartile | 0.24 | .31 | –0.06 | .23 | –0.37 | .08 | –0.25 | .38 | ||
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Third quartile | 0.55 | .02 | –0.10 | .02 | –0.46 | .02 | –0.16 | .54 | ||
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Fourth quartile | 0.34 | .16 | –0.02 | .74 | –0.17 | .40 | –0.17 | .56 | ||
| Age groupe |
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25–44 years old | 0.56 | .09 | –0.15 | .03 | –0.46 | .08 | –0.64 | .14 | ||
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45–64 years old | 0.71 | .04 | –0.22 | .002 | –0.83 | .003 | –1.15 | .01 | ||
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65+ years old | 1.12 | .003 | –0.29 | <.001 | –1.16 | <.001 | –1.60 | .001 | ||
| Educationf |
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Secondary | –0.12 | .60 | —g | .97 | –0.01 | .96 | –0.04 | .89 | ||
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Tertiary | –0.39 | .10 | 0.04 | .36 | 0.18 | .37 | –0.03 | .92 | ||
| Gender |
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Male | 0.07 | .69 | –0.03 | .42 | –0.03 | .86 | 0.21 | .32 | ||
| Incomeh |
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Second quintile | –0.10 | .70 | 0.04 | .35 | 0.22 | .29 | 0.71 | .03 | ||
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Third quintile | 0.17 | .59 | 0.05 | .40 | 0.24 | .39 | 0.78 | .04 | ||
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Fourth quintile | –0.01 | .97 | 0.02 | .69 | 0.20 | .41 | 0.44 | .20 | ||
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Fifth quintile | 0.06 | .81 | 0.05 | .33 | 0.27 | .21 | 0.61 | .047 | ||
| Paid employment |
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Yes | 0.12 | .59 | –0.04 | .31 | –0.08 | .64 | 0.02 | .93 | ||
| Family status |
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Married/domestic partnership | 0.25 | .17 | –0.03 | .45 | –0.09 | .55 | 0.12 | .59 | ||
| Residencei |
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City | –0.04 | .85 | — | .99 | 0.03 | .85 | 0.10 | .70 | ||
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Village | 0.26 | .34 | –0.11 | .03 | –0.49 | .02 | –0.66 | .03 | ||
| Self-perceived healthj |
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Very bad | 0.21 | .88 | –0.05 | .72 | 0.04 | .95 | 0.01 | .99 | ||
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Bad | –0.97 | .047 | 0.24 | .007 | 1.24 | <.001 | 1.32 | .02 | ||
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Fair | –1.00 | .01 | 0.15 | .02 | 0.80 | .003 | 0.69 | .11 | ||
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Good | –0.85 | .02 | 0.10 | .09 | 0.59 | .01 | 0.49 | .21 | ||
| Activity limitationsk |
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Limited but not severely | –0.27 | .18 | 0.04 | .28 | 0.17 | .34 | 0.34 | .14 | ||
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Severely limited | –0.23 | .55 | 0.05 | .48 | 0.20 | .52 | –0.08 | .85 | ||
| Chronic morbidity |
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Yes | 0.04 | .85 | 0.04 | .32 | 0.15 | .41 | 0.03 | .91 | ||
| Settingl |
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Public specialist | –0.60 | .16 | 0.18 | .09 | 0.49 | .22 | 0.95 | .12 | ||
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Private specialist | –0.05 | .91 | 0.13 | .24 | 0.22 | .62 | 0.29 | .66 | ||
| HCP typem,n |
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Specialist | 0.72 | .09 | –0.24 | .02 | –0.75 | .05 | –1.19 | .046 | ||
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Nurse/other HCP | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Regular HCP |
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Yes | 0.03 | .91 | –0.05 | .24 | –0.25 | .22 | –0.36 | .21 | ||
| Constant | — | — | 1.87 | <.001 | 1.82 | <.001 | 0.81 | .25 | |||
| N | 503 |
|
473 |
|
473 |
|
505 |
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| LRo test χ228 | 42.1 | .04 |
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49.6 | .007 | |||
| LR test F28,444 |
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2.63 | <.001 | 2.27 | <.001 |
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| R2 |
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0.13 |
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0.13 |
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| GOFp test χ235 | 30.5 | .68 |
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| GOF test χ2470 |
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503.3 | .14 | |||
| Ramsey RESETq F3,434 |
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2.37 | .07 | 0.07 | .98 |
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aPREM: OECD-proposed set of questions on Patients’ Experiences with Ambulatory Care.
bOrdinary least squares (OLS) regression with robust standard errors.
cBase: first quartile.
deHEALS: eHealth Literacy Scale.
eBase: 18-24 years old.
fBase: Primary.
gNot available.
hBase: first quintile.
iBase: Capital.
jBase: Very good.
kBase: Not limited.
lBase: General practitioner.
mBase: General practitioner.
nHCP: health care professional.
oLikelihood ratio; omnibus test for independence, current model versus null model.
pGoodness of fit; Hosmer–Lemeshow test.
qRegression equation specification error test.