Table 3.
Logistic regression models of the odds of incident type 2 diabetes at wave 8 (2010-2011), by race (CARDIA study).
| Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 | Model 9 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | Black | |||||
| Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | |||||
| High sex-specific waist circumference | 7.12 (3.77, 13.42)∗∗∗ | 4.77 (2.30, 9.86)∗∗∗ | 3.31 (1.50, 7.26)∗∗ | 5.88 (3.48, 9.93)∗∗∗ | 5.94 (3.35, 10.53)∗∗∗ | 4.09 (2.29, 7.29)∗∗∗ |
| Inflammation correlates | ||||||
| C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/L) | ||||||
| 3.00-9.99 | 2.59 (1.22, 5.48)∗ | 1.78 (1.04, 3.04)∗ | ||||
| ≥10.00 | 1.13 (0.16, 7.79) | 2.01 (0.92, 4.42) | ||||
| High sex-specific uric acid | 3.48 (1.75, 6.92)∗∗ | 2.09 (1.24, 3.52)∗ | ||||
| High fibrinogen | 0.76 (0.33, 1.72) | 1.51 (0.89, 2.57) | ||||
| High sex-specific gamma-glutamyltransferase | 0.67 (0.23, 1.94) | 0.86 (0.45, 1.65) | ||||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age in years | 1.00 (0.91, 1.09) | 1.01 (0.92, 1.12) | 1.02 (0.91, 1.13) | 1.06 (1.00, 1.12)∗ | 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) |
| Sex (male) | 1.13 (0.63, 2.02) | 0.89 (0.48, 1.64) | 1.10 (0.58, 2.09) | 1.68 (1.02, 2.74)∗ | 1.61 (0.97, 2.67) | 2.07 (1.20, 3.58)∗ |
| Never married | 1.20 (0.49, 2.93) | 1.28 (0.52, 3.14) | 1.19 (0.44, 3.22) | 1.20 (0.64, 2.23) | 1.19 (0.64, 2.22) | 1.16 (0.62, 2.16) |
| Divorced/widowed/separated | 1.29 (0.54, 3.11) | 1.17 (0.47, 2.87) | 1.14 (0.40, 3.26) | 0.93 (0.48, 1.80) | 0.95 (0.49, 1.84) | 0.97 (0.49, 1.91) |
| Living in a marriage-like relationship | 0.48 (0.10, 2.25) | 0.44 (0.09, 2.10) | 0.44 (0.07, 2.58) | 0.60 (0.19, 1.83) | 0.58 (0.19, 1.82) | 0.59 (0.18, 1.97) |
| Other marital status | 0.72 (0.10, 5.13) | 0.89 (0.12, 6.36) | 1.06 (0.15, 7.56) | 1.22 (0.51, 2.94) | 1.22 (0.50, 2.96) | 1.37 (0.54, 3.45) |
| Unemployed | 1.32 (0.43, 4.05) | 1.19 (0.38, 3.75) | 1.23 (0.38, 4.03) | 0.90 (0.47, 1.75) | 0.88 (0.45, 1.72) | 0.87 (0.44, 1.72) |
| Household income < $25,000 | 0.38 (0.09, 1.63) | 0.37 (0.09, 1.58) | 0.40 (0.10, 1.68) | 0.69 (0.37, 1.28) | 0.69 (0.37, 1.28) | 0.67 (0.35, 1.26) |
| Years of education | 0.94 (0.80, 1.11) | 0.98 (0.82, 1.16) | 1.00 (0.83, 1.20) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.08) | 0.96 (0.84, 1.08) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.08) |
| Immediate family members known to have diabetes | 1.93 (1.44, 2.60)∗∗∗ | 2.02 (1.50, 2.71)∗∗∗ | 2.03 (1.50, 2.76)∗∗∗ | 1.19 (1.03, 1.38)∗ | 1.24 (1.06, 1.44)∗∗ | 1.22 (1.05, 1.41)∗ |
| Behavioral | ||||||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Former | 1.16 (0.59, 2.26) | 1.39 (0.70, 2.76) | 1.46 (0.72, 2.97) | 1.45 (0.77, 2.71) | 1.51 (0.80, 2.84) | 1.73 (0.91, 3.29) |
| Current | 1.41 (0.61, 3.23) | 1.28 (0.54, 3.06) | 1.35 (0.55, 3.32) | 1.40 (0.78, 2.50) | 1.39 (0.77, 2.51) | 1.41 (0.77, 2.61) |
| Binge drinker | 0.59 (0.26, 1.32) | 0.59 (0.25, 1.41) | 0.55 (0.22, 1.33) | 0.67 (0.33, 1.33) | 0.62 (0.31, 1.24) | 0.62 (0.30, 1.29) |
| Metabolic risk factors | ||||||
| High triglycerides | 1.92 (0.88, 4.18) | 1.85 (0.78, 4.39) | 2.05 (0.79, 5.30) | 2.12 (0.78, 5.78) | ||
| Low sex-specific HDL cholesterol | 1.82 (0.92, 3.61) | 1.56 (0.76, 3.18) | 0.73 (0.43, 1.23) | 0.67 (0.39, 1.14) | ||
| High total cholesterol | 0.80 (0.44, 1.45) | 0.81 (0.44, 1.52) | 1.30 (0.80, 2.11) | 1.27 (0.78, 2.08) | ||
| High blood pressure | 3.90 (1.81, 8.38)∗∗ | 4.42 (1.96, 9.95)∗∗ | 1.34 (0.76, 2.38) | 1.30 (0.71, 2.35) | ||
∗∗∗ p < 0.0001; ∗∗p < 0.001; ∗p < 0.05.