Figure 5.

DHA inhibits MM cell proliferation and promotes autophagy via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. (a) HMCLs were treated with DHA at the indicated concentrations for 24 h. Cell extracts were analyzed by western blot using β-catenin, Cyclin D1, and c-Myc antibodies. (b) HMCLs treated with 20 μM DHA for the indicated times were analyzed by western blot for β-catenin expression. (c) HMCLs were treated with 20 μM DHA in combination with LiCl or not, and apoptosis was evaluated after 24 h by flow cytometry. The data are presented as the mean ± SD (n ≥ 3). (d) Cells were incubated with DHA in the absence or presence of LiCl. Cell extracts were analyzed by western blot for β-catenin, LC3B, and caspase-3. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments. ^∗P < .05, ^∗∗P < .01, ^∗∗∗P < .001.