Table 1.
Summary of current literature on COVID-19 incidence in pediatric patients
| Study | Location | Time frame in 2020 | Pediatric count | Ages (range) | Sex | Symptoms | Days to symptom onset (range) | Deaths | Comorbidities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cai et al, 2020 [29] | Shanghai, China | January 19-February 3 | 10 | Mean 6.1 y (3 mo-11 y) | 1:1.5 | Fever 8 (80%) | Mean 6.5 d (2-10 d) | 0 | |
| Cough 6 (60%) | |||||||||
| Sore throat 4 (40%) | |||||||||
| Nasal congestion 3 (30%) | |||||||||
| Sneezing and rhinorrhea 2 (20%) | |||||||||
| CDC, 2020 [11] | United States | February 12-April 2 | 2572/149 802 (1.7%) | Median 11 y (0-17 y) | 57% male, 53% female | 73% fever, cough, or shortness of breath | 3 | Of 345 cases with information: 80 (23%) at least 1 40 chronic lung disease (including asthma) 25 cardiovascular disease 10 immunosuppression |
|
| Dong et al, 2020 [16] | Mainland China | January 16-February 8 | 2143 | Median 7 y | 57% males, 43% female | Asymptomatic 94 (4.4%) | Median 2 d (0-42 d) | 1 | |
| Mild 1091 (50.9%) | |||||||||
| Moderate 831 (38.8%) | |||||||||
| Liu et al, 2020 [80] | Wuhan, China | January 7-January 15 | 6 | Median 3 y (1-7 y) | 33% male, 67% female | High fever 6 (100%) | 0 | ||
| Cough 6 (100%) | |||||||||
| Vomiting 4 (66.7%) | |||||||||
| Lu and Shi, 2020 [38] |
Wuhan, China | January 28-February 26 | 171 | Median 6.7 y (1 d-15 y) | 61% male, 39% female | Asymptomatic 27 (15.8%) | 1 | ||
| Cough 83 (48.5%) | |||||||||
| Pharyngeal erythema 79 (46.3%) | |||||||||
| Fever 71 (41.5) | |||||||||
| Diarrhea 15 (8.8%) | |||||||||
| Fatigue 13 (7.6%) | |||||||||
| Rhinorrhea 13 (7.6%) | |||||||||
| Vomiting 11 (6.4%) | |||||||||
| Nasal congestion 9 (5.3%) | |||||||||
| Qiu et al, 2020 [28] | Zhejiang, China | January 17-March 1 | 36 | Mean 8.3 y (1-16 y) | 64% male, 36% female | None 10 (28%) | 0 | None | |
| Dry cough 7 (19%) | |||||||||
| Dyspnea or tachypnea 1 (3%) | |||||||||
| Pharyngeal congestion 1 (3%) | |||||||||
| Sore throat 2 (6%) | |||||||||
| Vomiting or diarrhea 2 (6%) | |||||||||
| Fever 13 (36%) | |||||||||
| Headache 3 (8%) | |||||||||
| Tang et al, 2020 | Shenzhen, China | January 16-February 8 | 26 | Mean 6.9 y (0-13 y) | 35% male, 65% female | None 9 (35%) | 0 | None had underlying conditions | |
| Fever 11 (42%) | |||||||||
| Cough 12 (46%) | |||||||||
| Rhinorrhea 2 (8%) | |||||||||
| Vomiting 2 (8%) | |||||||||
| Diarrhea 10 (38%) | |||||||||
| Wang et al, 2020 | 6 provinces in mainland China | January 25-February 21 | 31 | Mean 7.1 y (6 mo-17 y) | 48% male, 52% female | Fever 20 (65%) | Mean 5 d | 0 | |
| Cough 14 (45%) | |||||||||
| Fatigue 3 (10%) | |||||||||
| Diarrhea 3 (9%) | |||||||||
| Xia et al, 2020 | Wuhan, China | January 23-February 8 | 20 | Median 2.13 y (1 d-14.6 y) | 65% male, 35% female | Fever 12 (60%) | 0 | Seven (35%) had history of congenital or acquired disease | |
| Cough 13 (65%) | |||||||||
| Diarrhea 3 (15%) | |||||||||
| Nasal discharge 3 (15%) | |||||||||
| Sore throat 1 (5%) | |||||||||
| Fatigue 1 (5%) | |||||||||
| Vomiting 2 (10%) | |||||||||
| Tachypnea 2 (10%) | |||||||||
| Xu et al, 2020 | Guangzhou, China | February 20 | 10 | (2 mo-15 y) | 60% male, 40% female | Asymptomatic 1 (10%) | 0 | ||
| Coughing 5 (50%) | |||||||||
| Sore throat 4 (40%) | |||||||||
| Nasal congestion/rhinorrhea 2 (20%) | |||||||||
| Diarrhea 3 (3%) |
Abbreviations: CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; COVID-19, coronavirus disease–2019.