Table 2.

Synthesis of determinants of caregiver burden: comparison between Adelman et al. (2014) [21] and the current review

Adelman et al. (2014)a [21]			Current review
Hypothesis ASMb (support found, no support found)	Categorisation	Risk Factors	Determinants	Categorisation (ASM)b	Hypothesis ASMb (support found, no support found)
H1 (direct relation)	Demographics	Female sex	Female sex	Background characteristic	H1 (direct relation)
		Low education	–
		Cohabitation with care recipient	Cohabitation/Living distance	Miscellaneous factor	Inconclusive
H1 (direct relation)	Psychosocial	Coping strategies	Coping strategies	Moderators	H1 (direct relation) H5 partially supported: no moderation of coping strategies
		–	Social Support		H5 partially supported: moderation of social support
		Depression and depressive symptoms	Global (self-esteem) Situational (loss of self, competence)	Intrapsychic stressors	H1 (direct relation) H4 (mediation) not supported
		Perceived patient distress	–
H1 (direct relation)	Caregiving context	Social isolation and decreased social activity	Role conflict (Restriction of social life)	Role stressors	H1 (direct relation) H3 (mediator between duration of caregiving and caregiver burden)
		Inability to continue regular employment	Role overload
		Financial stress	–
		Lack of choice	–
		Caregiving time and effort	Duration of caregiving	General stressors	H1 (direct relation) H3 (mediated by role stressors)
		–	Specific Illness
		–	Dependency levels, both physically as mentally
		–	Care demands
		–	Problematic behavior

^aRefers to risk factors of caregiver burden in Table 1 “The Epidemiology of Caregiver Burden” p1054 Adelman et al. (2014) [21]

^bThe Adapted Stress Model (ASM) is based on stress theories, notably the transactional model of stress and coping (Lazarus, 1984) [28] and the stress process model (Pearlin, 1990) [29], as well as role theory (Biddle, 1986) [30]