Table 4.
Univariate logistic regression analysis of MMSE decline
| Characteristics | OR_95CI | P_value |
|---|---|---|
| Female | 0.94 (0.77–1.14) | 0.508 |
| Age, years | ||
| 55–64 | 1 | |
| 65–74 | 1.13 (0.87–1.48) | 0.363 |
| ≥ 75 | 1.66 (1.26–2.19) | < 0.001 |
| Elementary school and below | 0.83 (0.68–1.01) | 0.069 |
| Lives alone, no | 1.3 (0.9–1.88) | 0.162 |
| Participation in healthcare seminars/consultation at least once a month, no | 1.09 (0.89–1.32) | 0.402 |
| Smoker | 1.07 (0.79–1.46) | 0.648 |
| Drinking alcohol | 0.97 (0.73–1.29) | 0.837 |
| Physical Activity of more than 30 min/day | 0.77 (0.62–0.96) | 0.022 |
| High-protein diet: 2–3 items | 1.25 (0.98–1.6) | 0.066 |
| Intake of fruits/vegetables more than twice a day, yes | 0.75 (0.55–1.01) | 0.061 |
| Overweight or obese | 0.93 (0.76–1.13) | 0.443 |
| CVD History, yes | 1.06 (0.88–1.27) | 0.57 |
| CED History, yes | 1.16 (0.94–1.44) | 0.177 |
| HP History, yes | 1.16 (0.83–1.63) | 0.373 |
| MMSE score (baseline) | 1.41 (1.35–1.49) | < 0.001 |
| TG | 0.99 (0.9–1.08) | 0.773 |
| TC | 0.92 (0.84–1.01) | 0.067 |
| HDL | 0.82 (0.61–1.12) | 0.21 |
| LDL | 0.85 (0.75–0.96) | 0.01 |
| UA | 1 (1–1) | 0.629 |
| Cr | 1 (1–1.01) | 0.063 |
| HbA1c | ||
| 7% ≤ HbA1c < 8% | 1 | |
| HbA1c < 7% | 1.13 (0.89–1.42) | 0.314 |
| HbA1c ≥8% | 1.52 (1.13–2.03) | 0.005 |
Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, TG triglyceride, TC total cholesterol, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, UA urinary albumin, Cr creatinine, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, CVD cardiovascular disease, CED cerebrovascular disease, HP hypertension MMSE mini-mental state examination (MMSE)