Table 5.

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of MMSE decline

Characteristics	OR_95CI	P-value
Female	1.19 (0.92–1.55)	0.185
Age, years
55–64	1
65–74	1.12 (0.84–1.49)	0.456
≥ 75	1.97 (1.43–2.72)	< 0.001
Elementary school and below	1.91 (1.48–2.45)	< 0.001
Lives Alone, no	1.36 (0.9–2.06)	0.144
Participation in healthcare seminar/consulting at least once a month, no	1.28 (1.04–1.58)	0.022
smoke	1.11 (0.77–1.6)	0.588
drink	0.86 (0.61–1.21)	0.383
PhyAct more than 30 min/day	0.79 (0.62–1)	0.048
High-protein diet: 2–3 items	1.14 (0.87–1.49)	0.344
Intake of fruits/vegetables more than twice a day, yes	0.84 (0.6–1.17)	0.302
Overweight or obesity	0.99 (0.8–1.23)	0.937
CVD His, yes	1.06 (0.86–1.3)	0.601
CED His, yes	1.3 (1.03–1.64)	0.029
HP His, yes	0.92 (0.63–1.34)	0.67
MMSE score (baseline)	1.56 (1.47–1.66)	< 0.001
TG	0.97 (0.85–1.1)	0.644
TC	1.09 (0.81–1.46)	0.585
HDL	0.9 (0.59–1.39)	0.644
LDL	0.84 (0.58–1.23)	0.373
UA	1 (1–1)	0.51
Cr	1 (1–1.01)	0.49
HbA1c
7% ≤ HbA1c < 8%	1
HbA1c < 7%	1.18 (0.91–1.51)	0.205
HbA1c ≥8%	1.55 (1.13–2.12)	0.007

Note analysis was by stepwise regression

Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, TG triglyceride, TC total cholesterol, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, UA urinary albumin, Cr creatinine, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, CVD cardiovascular disease, CED cerebrovascular disease, HP hypertension, MMSE mini-mental state examination